This article presents a historical investigation of the modalities of protest adopted by women prisoners in South Africa from the 1970s to 1994. It explores how the introduction of a gender perspective provides new insights on the strategies of adaptation and resistance within closed institutions and the way these were intertwined with broader social dynamics. The article focuses on the criminalisation processes to which black women were subjected under apartheid, on how the beginning of the democratic transition coincided with the emergence of new actors inside prisons and on the participation of women in the 1994 large-scale prison revolts.
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