BACKGROUND: Nurses often face professional risks in their work. Most research in Russia dedicated to professional risks of nurses are quantitative studies and deal with a limited range of issues. There is an apparent lack of qualitative studies on this problem. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this research is to study opinions of oncology nurses concerning their working conditions from the point of view of their professional risks assessment and their minimization. METHOD: The research was conducted by an independent researcher using a method of semi-structured interview. The content-analysis with inductive approach was used for the data analysis. RESULTS: According to the data analysis there was singled out five main topics, in particular, professional risks that are appreciated by nurses, assessment of professional risks as employment obstacles, permitted ways of psychoemotional risks mastering, permitted ways of physical exertion mastering, effective external mechanisms of risks mastering. In general, nurses do not consider their professional risks as employment obstacles. They lay special emphasis on psychosocial risks, which are the core of all other professional risks. CONCLUSION: This research shows the opinion of the nursing service heads of oncology departments about professional risks arising in the process of their staff performing the duties. The results of the research demonstrate that the main perceived dangers are psychosocial, biological and chemical risks specific to the work with oncology patients. Possible ways to reduce the impact of professional risks on nurses can be both external institutional mechanisms and internal personal resources. Determining the working conditions of oncological nurses allows to manage occupational risks, to form a valuable attitude to health, as well as to identify indicators that form a social perception of the profession. The study of the working conditions of oncological nurses allows to manage professional risks, form a value-based attitude to health, and also identify indicators that form a social idea of the profession.