The Brazilian Porcupine, Coendou prehensilis (Linnaeus, 1758), is the most widespread species of Coendou Lacépède, 1799 in South America, but little is known on its natural history, ecology and distribution. In Colombia, it has been reported in the lowlands and inter-Andean valleys of 18 continental departments, but there are still gaps on its distribution, natural history and ecology. We present new distribution records and add information of the presence of C. prehensilis in 10 additional departments of Colombia located at the Amazonia, Orinoco, Peri-Caribbean Arid Belt, and North Andean Biogeographic provinces. We suggest that C. prehensilis is the most widespread species in the lowlands of Colombia, although it does not occur in the Biogeographic Chocó and in the inter-Andean medium and high valleys of the Cauca and Magdalena rivers.

Rapid assessments are the most common information source on biodiversity in the northwestern Amazon in Colombia due to limited resources and logistic constraints. These assessments are essential for decision-making on environmental policies in this region, that has been strongly impacted by the transformation of its natural ecosystems. Several local camera-trapping rapid assessments of medium and large-sized mammals (MLM) have been conducted in the Colombian Amazon, but they are difficult to compare. We analyzed information of 16 of these rapid assessments of MLM to provide the first list of MLM in the northwestern Amazon in Colombia. We also evaluated the accuracy of four estimators (ICE, Chao-2, Jackknife-1, and Jackknife-2), and the minimum sampling effort for the estimation of MLM richness in local surveys in the region. We report 26 species of MLM for the Colombian Amazon (between five and 13 species per locality), which is an underestimation of MLM richness in the region. The best estimator of MLM richness was the Jackknife-1, due to its precision and the lower influence of singletons. We recommend a minimum sampling effort of 350 camera trap-days. Although rapid assessments do not allow a robust estimation of MLM richness, they record the most common species (or core species) per locality and their abundance variation. The evaluation of the effect of habitat transformation on MLM and the estimation of population parameters of rare species require more intensive studies.

Presentamos los resultados obtenidos durante cuatro años de muestreo de mamíferos en diferentes coberturas vegetales del municipio de San José del Guaviare, Guaviare, Colombia. Entre los años 2012 y 2017 recolectamos información de la diversidad de mamíferos a través del muestreo con redes de niebla, trampas para pequeños y medianos mamíferos, cámaras trampa, observaciones directas, entrevistas e información secundaria. Reportamos 121 especies de mamíferos nativos para el municipio. Registramos una completitud del muestreo de 64 % para murciélagos, 60 % para pequeños mamíferos no voladores y de 100 % para medianos y grandes mamíferos. Destacamos dos novedades geográficas para los marsupiales Marmosa waterhousei y Glironia venusta, y seis novedades en los murciélagos Lonchorhina marinkellei, Phyllostomus latifolius, Glyphonycteris sylvestris, Glyphonycteris daviesi, Glossophaga commissarisi y Myotis keaysi. La riqueza encontrada es comparable con otros inventarios a largo plazo de mamíferos neotropicales, y presenta la mayor diversidad de especies de murciélagos y primates reportados en Colombia. Sin embargo, es necesario seguir realizando muestreos intensivos, ya que la riqueza de grupos como pequeños mamíferos no voladores y murciélagos está aún subestimada.