A anemia é frequente em pacientes após o transplante renal (TxR) e sua prevalência varia conforme o tempo pós-transplante e os critérios diagnós-ticos empregados. A infecção pelo Parvovírus B19 (PV B19) é causa subdiagnosticada de anemia nesta população. Para ilustrar a epidemiologia e espectro clínico, apresentamos caso de PV B19 que evoluiu com aplasia pura de série vermelha (APSV), ressaltando as dificuldades do diagnóstico e tratamento. O emprego da detecção do DNA viral pela reação em cadeia da polimerase e do diagnóstico das alterações da morfologia da medula óssea são particularmente úteis para o diagnóstico no paciente transplantado imunossuprimido que falha na produção da resposta humoral contra o PV B19.Anemia is frequent in kidney transplant patients, and its prevalence varies according to posttransplant time and the adopted diagnostic criteria. Parvovirus B19 (PV B19) infection is an underdiagnosed cause of anemia in this particular population. To illustrate epidemiologic and clinical data regarding it, we present a case of PV B19 infection complicated by pure red cell aplasia (PRCA), pointing out the pitfalls we encountered in diagnosis and treatment. The use of viral DNA detection by polymerase chain reaction (PCR), and correct interpretation of morphological features of bone marrow histology are particularly important for the diagnosis of this condition in kidney transplant patients, who fail to develop a proper humoral response against PV B19, thus importantly decreasing the sensitivity of serological methods in this setting. Anemia crônica no pós-transplante renal: parvovirose B19Posttransplant chronic anemia: parvovirus B19 ResumoPalavras-chave: anemia, aplasia pura de série vermelha, imunoglobulinas intravenosas, parvovirus B19 humano, transplante de rim. AbstRAct
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