BackgroundBrain hypoxic-ischemic (HI) damage induces distant inflammatory lung damage in newborn pigs. We aimed to investigate the effects of cannabidiol (CBD) on lung damage in this scenario.MethodsNewborn piglets received intravenous vehicle, CBD, or CBD+WAY100635 (5-HT receptor antagonist) after HI brain damage (carotid flow interruption and FiO 0.10 for 30 min). Total lung compliance (TLC), oxygenation index (OI), and extravascular lung water content (EVLW) were monitored for 6 h. Histological damage, interleukin (IL)-1β concentration, and oxidative stress were assessed in brain and lung tissue. Total protein content was determined in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF).ResultsCBD prevented HI-induced deleterious effects on TLC and OI and reduced lung histological damage, modulating inflammation (decreased leukocyte infiltration and IL-1 concentration) and reducing protein content in BALF and EVLW. These effects were related to CBD-induced anti-inflammatory changes in the brain. HI did not increase oxidative stress in the lungs. In the lungs, WAY100635 blunted the beneficial effects of CBD on histological damage, IL-1 concentration, and EVLW.ConclusionsCBD reduced brain HI-induced distant lung damage, with 5-HT receptor involvement in these effects. Whether the effects of CBD on the lungs were due to the anti-inflammatory effects on the brain or due to the direct effects on the lungs remains to be elucidated.

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A 72-year-old woman with diabetes mellitus and endstage ischemic heart disease was admitted to the hospital because of an episode of unstable angina. She had undergone coronary artery bypass graft surgery 4 years earlier with sequential left internal mammary artery to left anterior descending and diagonal artery, and saphenous vein graft to left marginal artery. Seven months after surgery, because of disease progression, she underwent a percutaneous coronary intervention with rotational atherectomy and a 3.5ϫ32 mm paclitaxel-eluting stent implantation at the right coronary artery. During the following years, the patient had several admissions for unstable angina. A new angiography showed a diffusely diseased native vessel, an occluded saphenous graft to the marginal, a patent sequential left internal mammary artery graft to left anterior descending and diagonal artery, and persistence of the good result of the stent implanted in the right coronary artery. Because of the extension and severity of the coronary artery disease, she had been considered a no-option patient.During the present admission (1-year after the last angiography) she experienced fever and superficial phlebitis secondary to peripheral venous catheter that was treated with cloxacillin for 10 days. Five weeks later she was readmitted for persistent fever. The results of the physical examination were unremarkable, but laboratory evaluation showed leukocytosis and blood cultures positive for Staphylococcus aureus. Treatment with cloxacillin and gentamicin was initiated. Transthoracic echocardiography ruled out valvular vegetations but showed a mass in the atrioventricular groove ( Figure 1A). Magnetic cardioresonance confirmed the presence of a mass ( Figure 1B), considered in the initial differential diagnosis a cardiac tumor, such as an angiosarcoma. A whole-body 18 F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/ computed tomography study was performed to evaluate the cardiac mass and stage the suspected oncological disease. 18 F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/ computed tomography showed greatly increased glucose metabolism in the periphery of the cardiac mass ( Figure 2A and 2B), with no other findings in the rest of the body. Finally, multidetector computed tomography ( Figure 2C and 2D) provided the diagnosis: a giant pseudoaneurysm associated with stent fracture at the right coronary artery

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