We have studied the net community production (NCP) balance in the Eastern region of the Subtropical North Atlantic during two cruises, in August 1998 and April 1999. In August, heterotrophic bacteria were more abundant than picophytoplankton, which resulted in net heterotrophy (NCP = –129 mmol O2 m−2 d−1 ± 18; mean ± SE), whereas these differences in plankton components were not apparent in April 1999, when the community was in metabolic balance (NCP = –13 mmol O2 m−2 d−1 ± 19). In April, the metabolic balance of microplankton communities was net heterotrophic outside (NCP = –57 mmol O2 m−2 d−1 ± 26) and lower than inside (NCP = 19 mmol O2 m−2 d−1 ± 19) the mesoscale structures present in the area (subtropical front, cyclonic eddy Leticia, and the Great Meteor Tablemount). Positive NCP inside the cyclonic eddy (NCP = 20 mmol O2 m−2 d−1 ± 17) was due to lower respiration rather than to higher gross primary production rates. Gross extrapolation suggests that the regional organic carbon deficit within the Eastern Subtropical Gyre (0.98–1.88 Gt C yr−1) should increase by ~14% and 52% in the absence of mesoscale structures.