STUDY QUESTION Is there an association between iron intake and ovarian reserve among women seeking fertility care? SUMMARY ANSWER Supplemental iron intake above 45 mg/day is associated with lower ovarian reserve among women seeking fertility care. WHAT IS KNOWN ALREADY Although the literature regarding iron intake in relation to ovarian reserve is scant and inconsistent, some evidence suggests that iron may have gonadotoxic effects. STUDY DESIGN, SIZE, DURATION This observational study included 582 female participants attending the Massachusetts General Hospital Fertility Center (2007–2019) enrolled in the Environment and Reproductive Health (EARTH) Study. PARTICIPANTS/MATERIALS, SETTING, METHODS Iron intake was estimated using a validated food frequency questionnaire. Markers of ovarian reserve included antral follicle count (AFC) (assessed via transvaginal ultrasound) and Day 3 FSH, both obtained during the course of an infertility evaluation. MAIN RESULTS AND THE ROLE OF CHANCE Participants had a median age of 35 years and median total iron intake of 29 mg/day. Total iron intake was inversely related to AFC and this association was driven by intake of supplemental iron. Compared to women with a supplemental iron intake of ≤20 mg/day, women consuming 45–64 mg/day of supplemental iron had a 17% (−35%, 0.3%) lower AFC and women consuming ≥65 mg/day of supplemental iron had a 32% (−54%, −11%) lower AFC after adjusting for potential confounders (P, linear trend = 0.003). Similarly, in a multivariable-adjusted analysis, Day 3 FSH levels were 0.9 (0.5, 1.3) IU/ml higher among women with a supplemental iron intake of ≥65 mg/day when compared to women with a supplemental iron intake of ≤20 mg/day (P, linear trend = 0.02). LIMITATIONS, REASONS FOR CAUTION Iron intake was estimated using a method that relies on self-report and we had no biomarkers of iron status in our participants; only 36 women consumed ≥45 mg/day of supplemental iron. WIDER IMPLICATIONS OF THE FINDINGS Since all study participants were seeking fertility treatment, our findings may not apply to women in the general population. Although our findings are consistent with studies of women with iron overload, given the paucity of literature on this topic, it is essential that this question is revisited in studies designed to better understand the dose–response relation of this association across the entire distribution of ovarian reserve and the risk–benefit balance of pre-conceptional iron supplementation given its many positive effects on pregnancy outcomes. STUDY FUNDING/COMPETING INTEREST(S) The project was funded by Grants R01ES022955, R01ES033651, R01ES009718, P30ES000002, and P30DK046200 from the National Institutes of Health. N.J.-C. was supported by a Fulbright Scholarship. N.J.-C., M.M., L.M.-A., E.O.-P., S.W., I.S., and J.E.C. declare no conflict of interest related to the work in the manuscript. R.H. has received grants from the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER N/A.

Teniendo en cuenta la alta incidencia y prevalencia del Trauma Craneoencefálico (TCE) en nuestro medio y reconociendo la epilepsia como una de las secuelas más comunes posteriores al trauma, es importante conocer cuáles son los medicamentos que tienen alta efectividad clínica en la terapia profiláctica para la prevención de la misma. El objetivo de este artículo es realizar una revisión de tema de acuerdo a lo publicado en la literatura reciente. La búsqueda se realizó en las bases de datos Pubmed, Uptodate y Scielo. Los fármacos de elección para las crisis epilépticas postraumáticas son los anticonvulsivantes. Se revisaron datos sobre la efectividad profiláctica de otros grupos farmacológicos, sin resultados actuales que apoyen su uso en la clínica. Se concluyó que las crisis epilépticas son una de las complicaciones más frecuentes después de sufrir un TCE y la literatura reporta que la terapia profiláctica es útil para la prevención de crisis epilépticas tempranas pero no hay consenso sobre la diferencia en cuanto a la efectividad entre fármacos anticonvulsivantes. El Levetiracetam tiene evidencia a favor tanto por su efectividad como por su seguridad, por lo que debe estudiarse a profundidad, pues sería uno de los candidatos como fármaco antiepileptogénico.

Iron deficiency contributes to the global burden of disease, affecting children, premenopausal women, and population from low-income and middle-income countries. To manage the deficit of iron on diet, biofortified crops can be obtained from conventionally plant-based foods. BIO102 bean is a biofortified crop with higher iron and protein content when compared to conventional beans. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the effect of BIO102 food on body weight, exercise performance, and iron biomarkers in young adult BALB/c mice. To achieve this, 24 BALC/c mice were randomly assigned to each of the following groups (n=6 per group): Control diet (conventional diet 5010 Diet; CTRL), bean-based biofortified diet (BIO102), bean-based non-biofortified diet (NB), and corn-based diet (CD). The following parameters were assessed weekly from baseline to 8 weeks: body weight, food intake, endurance capacity, and limbs strength. Baseline blood glucose and hemoglobin measurements were made at the first, three, and eighth weeks of tail blood, and serum ferritin, hepcidin, C-reactive protein, and testosterone measurements were made at the end of 8 weeks of whole blood.During the initial week of housing (acclimatization), there were no differences among groups on neither food intake nor body weight ( p>0.05) (Figure 1). A significant difference in body weight from the second week of feeding with the natural diets was found (Figure 1). Due to signs of stress after three weeks of feeding, all the groups that took the natural diets, received 1 g of 5010Diet food as supplementation up to the end of the experiment. Both CTRL and BIO102 groups showed higher body weight gain when compared to NB and CD groups. Regarding exercise performance, no significant differences were found among groups (Figure 2). As for the iron biomarkers, no differences were determined for hemoglobin concentration and blood glucose in acclimatization (Figure 3). Interestingly, at three weeks, bean-based diet groups were significant different from CTRL group for Blood glucose concentration ( p<0.05) (Figure 3). Moreover, at 8 weeks, only CD group showed a statically significant increase in ferritin (Table 1). In summary, our results suggest that bean-based biofortified diet (BIO102) has a higher nutritional value than common crops such as conventional beans and corn, when compared with a control diet. This suggestion is because the mice feed with BIO102 diet kept body weight gain like those in CTRL group. In addition, BIO102 reduced fasting blood glucose, maintaining both endurance capacity and strength, as well as biomarkers of iron regulation. This work was funded by the following: Pontificia Universidad Javeriana Cali-Colombia, El Centro Internacional de Agricultura Tropical (CIAT) y la Fundación Banco de la República. This is the full abstract presented at the American Physiology Summit 2023 meeting and is only available in HTML format. There are no additional versions or additional content available for this abstract. Physiology was not involved in the peer review process.