The occurrence of fire in road tunnels poses high risks to the life and health of people. The resulting smoke, fire gases and high temperatures can be the cause of poisoning and burns. Additionally, dense smoke can significantly reduce visibility, which can result in difficulties during evacuation. This paper aims to investigate the effect of specific wavelengths of visible light on visibility in smoke conditions and to determine the wavelength of light (colour) that can improve visibility in smoke-filled environments. A rubber mixture with polyester and polyamide spacers was selected as a combustible material in order to obtain more realistic conditions with respect to smoke parameters. These plastics are commonly used, among others, in tires, elements of engine plating, upholstery or truck trailer covers. Then, in a test fire chamber laboratory, the colour of light (wavelength) was determined, obtaining the highest transmittance value, understood as the amount of radiation transmitted through the substance. It has been shown that devices emitting a light wave of a specific length can significantly improve visibility in smoke-filled environment.

The article discusses the issue related to the study of the level of knowledge among students of Safety Engineering in the field of selected types of threats, the possibility of their occurrence, and knowledge of the rules of conduct in the event of their occurrence at the Campus of the Silesian University of Technology. Survey techniques were used for the analysis.

The article is devoted to the study of cognitive mechanisms of actualization of the discursive topic UKRAINE in L. Kostenko 's fiction novel “The Notes of Ukrainian samashedshyi (madman)”. The interaction of conceptual metaphors, which represent the basic textual concept at a deep level, forms the original conceptual space of the work. The purpose of scientific research is to establish connections between structural, orientations and ontological metaphors of the novel, as well as to describe their semantic content, verbalized at the linguistic level. According to the topic, the object of research is a discursive topic (text concept), the subject – the means of verbalization of conceptual metaphors as its expression. The relevance of the publication theme is determined by the general tendency of linguoconceptology, aimed to the study of conceptual space of the author's literary text. The main method of research is a conceptual analysis applying of methodologies of interpretive, contextual and other types of analysis. In-text and out-of-text level connections, which are viewed by involving background contexts (historical-cultural, socio-cultural, situational, etc.), determine the discursive character of the literary text, in which the key text concept functions as a discursive topic. The metaphorical projection of the text concept UKRAINE is carried out in the context of the political picture of Ukrainian world during the “Orange” revolution. The concept UKRAINE is a structurally and contently complex mental unit of individual consciousness that represents interdependent components due to the author's choice of conceptual metaphor. Keeping the established meanings (state; country where Ukrainians live), the concept acquires specificity due to its rethinking in the mind of the writer, who has an original worldview of modern life in the context of globalization. In interpretation of the conceptual content of analyzed topic, it is important the authors’ assume about the theory of conceptual metaphor that a metaphor affects on the decision-making process of problem situation, in particular on the stage of identifying alternatives to solve the problem. The author's vision of such alternatives is manifested in the systematic use of certain types of metaphors. The emotional and pragmatic potentials of conceptual metaphors have a powerful influence on the reader’s mind. In the process of conceptual analysis the basic spheres of experience, related to the representation of the discursive topic UKRAINE were distinguished. Such spheres are represented by structural metaphors of war, morbid metaphor, game metaphor, etc. Productive metaphorical models of the novel are orientation metaphors, which are based on universal empirical experience and individual experience of the the mental language of ontological metaphors supplements the artistic and journalistic discourse. The author’s created a metaphorical model of Ukrainian reality at the beginning of the XXI century is a diffuse system of intersecting metaphorical projections, updated by the discursive topic. The perspectives for further study of metaphorical models of the Ukrainian writers’ works we see in the possibility of describing the specifics of the individual author's worldview in particular and the national picture of the world in general.

The aim of the study is a psycholinguistic analysis of the stimulus words (Ukrainian) army, language, faith as concept-forming nominations of the appropriate text concepts in the structure of the slogan-motto (advertising slogan, political slogan) “Army. Language. Faith.” the 2019 election campaign (that is, in the context of a particular discursive practice). Methods of the research. The application of the method of free associative experiment basing on the theory of speech influence allows to interpret the semantics of the analyzed concepts, as well as to establish their closest connections and logical relationships with other concepts. Verbal reactions to a political slogan as a whole and to its individual structural units as concept-forming nominations are interpreted as verbal representations of cognitive features of concepts. Results. The results of the associative experiment are a relevant source of data in order to identify markers of the deep (including subconscious) mechanisms of verbal and non-verbal behavior of individuals, which can be used to form new and transform old political concepts. The presence of intersecting segments in their semantic fields testifies about the partial synthesis of diverse concepts in the recipients’ minds, in which the effect of the psycholinguistic influence of the slogan-motto is increased. The absence of such an intersection is an indicator of the information the general information field of the concepts, which is expressed in the discrete perception of the advertising slogan. Conclusion. In the context of the speech theory influence, the first two stages of implementation the text slogan-motto “Army. Language. Faith.” into mass consciousness (attracting attention to the text and optimization its perception) were successfully implemented. A number of reasons (extralinguistic and linguistic formation, for example, the use of words with abstract, non-specific semantics “language”, “faith”) complicated the implementation of the third stage (acceptance of the content) of the implication of the text. Concept-forming nomination “army”, potentially containing negative semantic components, caused reactions associated with the emergency of cognitive disbalance in the consciousness of individuals. Comparison of the associates of the two stages of the experiment showed that the context of perception of the stimulus words is important for the respondents. Thus, the evaluative connotations of reaction words (in particular, concerning the nomination “army”) in the context of the advertising campaign of P. Poroshenko’s party and outside this context differ significantly.

Коч Наталья Владимировна, доктор филологических наук, профессор, ННУ имени В. А. Сухомлинского КОНЦЕПТУАЛЬНАЯ МЕТАФОРА КАК СПОСОБ САКРАЛЬНОГО ПОЗНАНИЯ Когнитивная метафора играет важную роль в процессе концептуализации знаний и опыта. Гносеологический подход к изучению концептуальной метафоры предполагает взгляд на этот феномен как необходимую форму познания, связанную с объяснительной ограниченностью научных парадигм. Базисная метафора рассматривается как основная системообразующая мировоззренческая форма концептуализации бытия, допускающая в силу своей сложной ментальной природы алогичность в объединении референтов различных областей знания. Основные метафорические трансляции сакрального знания исследуются на материале памятников письменности восточных славян. Ключевые слова: концептуальная (когнитивная) метафора, базисная метафора, транслирующая метафора, теологический контекст, метафора Бога. Коч Наталя Володимирівна, доктор філологічних наук, професор МНУ імені В. О. Сухомлинського КОНЦЕПТУАЛЬНА МЕТАФОРА ЯК СПОСІБ САКРАЛЬНОГО ПІЗНАННЯКогнітивна метафора відіграє важливу роль у процесі концептуалізації знань та досвіду. Гносеологічний підхід до вивчення концептуальної метафори передбачає погляд на цей феномен як необхідну форму пізнання, що пов'язана з пояснювальною обмеженістю наукових парадигм. Базова метафора розглядається як основна системоутворювальна світоглядна форма концептуалізації буття, що припускає в силу своєї складної ментальної природи алогічність в об'єднанні референтів різних областей знання. Основні метафоричні трансляції сакрального знання досліджуються на матеріалі пам'яток писемності східних слов'ян.Ключові слова: концептуальна (когнітивна) метафора, базисна метафора, транслююча метафора, теологічний контекст, метафора Бога.Cognitive metaphor plays an important role in the process of conceptualization of knowledge and experience. An epistemological approach to the study of a conceptual metaphor presupposes a view of this phenomenon as a necessary form of cognition, connected with the explanatory limitation of scientific paradigms. The basic metaphor is considered as the main system-forming worldview form of the conceptualization of being, which, by virtue of its complex mental nature, allows for illogicality in the unification of referents of various knowledge fields. The basic metaphorical translations of religious knowledge are examined on the basis of writing monuments of the Eastern Slavs.The categories of personification, instrumentality, rationality / irrationality, etc., important in the identification of God, and manifested in the basic and translating metaphors of religious discourse, testify, in our view, to the critical type of thinking. This contradicts the basic tenet of religion -the doctrine is taken on the faith, and faith does not presuppose reflection, analysis of the acquired knowledge, connection of the intellect to the comprehension of the unknown, etc. However, the use of basic analogies as mental constructs of consciousness and their numerous translations in the ear...