The historical city is one of the most complex objects of research, being a “living” organism, the environment of modern man, a combination of natural and man-made, tangible and intangible elements. The relevance of the study of the historical and urban planning environment is caused by the ongoing search for the most effective approaches to preserving the heritage of cities and the sustainable development of their territories. Systematic and structural analysis of such a phenomenon as a historical city, identification of internal relationships of elements that make up the historical and urban planning environment; comparison of existing tools for the protection of urban planning heritage and determination of the most effective mechanism for its preservation, proposed by modern Russian legislation. Based on the analysis of existing tools for the protection of the historical urban planning environment, the authors propose to consider the procedure for determining the boundaries and subject of protection of historical settlements as one of the aspects of the implementation of the international approach to the preservation of historic urban landscapes (HUL approach), and identify ways to improve the national tools in the field of urban planning heritage protection.

В статье обозначаются этапы становления категории ценности и определяется ее значение в международной системе охраны исторических городов. Прослеживается трансформация представлений о ценности городской территории как объекта наследия. Рассматривается инструментарий охраны исторической городской среды, применяемый в международной и отечественной практике.Автором установлено, что при всем разнообразии существующих инструментов охраны градостроительного наследия наблюдается явная недостаточность детализации требований к сохранению рядовой застройки как элемента историко-градостроительной среды. Разработка детальной регламентации, в свою очередь, предполагает четкое понимание архитектурно-градостроительного значения каждого из объектов. Целью статьи является обоснование необходимости разработки методики определения ценности исторических зданий, которая должна применяться с учетом особенностей регионального либо локального культурного контекста. При этом необходимо также учитывать, что конечная цель подобной классификации, основанной на степени ценности и роли объектов исторической застройки в формировании городского ландшафта, заключается в разработке четких правил и параметров допустимого вмешательства в исторически сформировавшуюся среду. Ключевые слова: ценность; целостность; подлинность; историческая городская среда; исторический городской ландшафт; рядовая историческая застройка; сохранение исторической среды; критерии для определения ценности исторической застройки.Для цитирования: Пасечник И.Л., Марушина Н.В. Категория ценности в теории и практике сохранения исторической городской среды (в контексте изучения рядовой исторической застройки) // Вестник Томского государственного архитектурно-строительного университета.

In the context of an ever-increasing level of urbanization, the historical urban environment is one of the most studied phenomena in modern theory and practice of heritage conservation. The change in the paradigm of heritage that has taken place over the past decades and the recognition of man as one of the most important components of the heritage protection system contribute to the development of the legal apparatus and of new approaches to preserving cities. The article traces the relationship between the transformation of ideas about the value of an urbanized territory as an object of heritage and the evolution of its protection tools, reveals the role of various elements in maintaining the integrity of urban fabric based on analysis of international and Russian regulatory documents. The regular building is recognized as an element, which allows maintaining cultural identity and at the same time developing valuable characteristics of the historical environment, ensuring the invariability of the perceived image of the city. The historic centre of St. Petersburg, which has an internationally recognized architectural, urban and intangible (associative, memorial) values and is therefore inscribed on the UNESCO World Heritage List, is characterized by exceptional integrity and authenticity of the historical urban environment. These qualities require special and based on the principles of sustainability approaches to the development of the territory, which will ensure the maintenance of the integrity of the urban environment as an element of human environment.

This study focuses on Heritage Impact Assessment (HIA), which is one of the elements of the World Heritage protection system and aimed at maintaining the Outstanding Universal Value. Due to the absence in the domestic scientific literature of works devoted to a generalizing understanding of the goals and objectives of Impact Assessment in the system of cultural heritage protection, the author focuses on revealing the content side of the concept of Impact Assessment, examines the process and reasons for the introduction of HIA as an independent tool for planning, managing changes and achieving public consent, identifies and analyzes the key principles for its implementation. Based on a consistent analysis of the provisions of international and domestic normative and methodological documents, as well as the practice of the Heritage Impact Assessment, conclusions are drawn about the aspects of the interpretation of the content, problems and prospects for using this tool for managing World Heritage in Russia. Attention is paid to the relevance and importance of Impact Assessments for the conservation of the Outstanding Universal Value of urban World Heritage sites and properties located in the urban environment. As a result of the study, the author formulated recommendations aimed at improving the effectiveness of the HIA and its full integration into the national heritage protection system.

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