Objectives: To assess the inflammatory potential of the Brazilian population’s diet and its association with demographic, socioeconomic, and anthropometric characteristics. Methods: Cross-sectional study performed with 34,003 individuals aged 10 and older, evaluated by the National Diet and Nutrition Survey (INA) from the Consumer Expenditure Survey (POF 2008-2009). The Energy-adjusted Dietary Inflammatory Index (E-DIITM) was determined using 34 dietary parameters calculated through non-consecutive 2-day dietary records. Positive scores indicate a pro-inflammatory diet, while negative scores indicate an anti-inflammatory diet. A bivariate and multivariate linear regression analysis based on a hierarchical theoretical model was performed to verify the factors associated with the E-DII. Results: The mean of the E-DII was 1.04, with a range of -4.77 to +5.98. The highest values of the pro-inflammatory E-DII were found among adolescents (1.42; p-value<0.001) and individuals with higher income (1.10; p-value<0.001) and level of education (1.18; p-value<0.001). In the final model, the E-DII was associated with higher income quartiles, was higher in the Northeast and South regions, in white people, individuals with ≥9 years of education and adults and adolescents age group. Conclusion: The Brazilian population consumes a diet with high inflammatory potential, especially adolescents, white people and those with higher income and level of education. Thus, the index presented uneven distribution among the population, emphasizing groups with higher dietary inflammatory potential. The socioeconomic risk profile of a diet with higher inflammatory potential in medium-income countries is different from what is observed in high-income nations.

Children are consuming less healthy foods and this eating behavior exposes the child to greater sodium intake. Evaluate the association between family, maternal and child characteristics with sodium intake by children aged 13-35 months. A retrospective cohort study with data from 1,185 children. The children’s dietary sodium intake was assessed by a 24-hour diet recall survey. Values ≥1200mg were considered excessive intake. The association between sodium intake and independent variables was assessed by a three-level logistic hierarchical regression model. Variables with p-value <0.05 were retained in the model. Most children were male (51.2%), eutrophic (63.2%) and not exclusively breastfed (EBF) for six months (58.4%). The average sodium intake was 925 mg (± 410.4). The prevalence of excessive sodium intake was 18.5% and was associated with the variables children of younger mothers (<20 years old OR=4.04, 95%CI=1.64-9.99; ≥20 to <35 years old OR=2.48, 95%CI=1.10-5.63), having 4 or more children (OR=2.51, 95%CI=1.29-4.89), lower family income (≥1 and <3 minimum wages OR=0.60, 95%CI=0.39-0,93; ≥3 minimum wages OR=0.50, 95%CI=0.30-0.82), and not being exclusively breastfed until six months (OR=1.64, 95%CI=1.14-2.34).The average sodium intake of children was higher than the recommendation for adequate intake, pointing to a high consumption of this micronutrient in the first years of life. Excessive sodium intake seems to be linked to unfavorable socioeconomic conditions. Avoiding early weaning is the only possible intervention in this scenario.