Insulin resistance is the state of reduced tissue sensitivity to insulin. The frequency of this occurrence is increasing dramatically in developed countries. Both, environmental and genetic factors are involved in the pathogenesis of insulin resistance. Sedentary lifestyle and the excessive calorie intake cause the substantial increase of the fat issue, leading to overweight and obesity. Insulin resistance occurs physiologically during puberty, but it is also a pathological condition predisposing children to develop abnormal glucose tolerance, diabetes, hypertension and polycystic ovary syndrome among girls. More frequent occurrence of metabolic syndrome can be observed among children born small for gestational age (SGA). The article presents the current views on risk factors, etiology, diagnosis and consequences insulin resistance and disorders of glucose tolerance.
StreszczenieRozwój cywilizacji i ciągła poprawa jakości życia prowadzi do zmiany w zachowaniach prozdrowotnych. Siedzący tryb życia oraz nadmiar spożywanych kalorii powoduje nadmierny przyrost tkanki tłuszczowej, prowadzący do nadwagi i otyłości. W ciągu ostatnich kilku lat problem ten stale narasta, stając się epidemią XXI wieku w Polsce i na całym świecie. Cel pracy. Porównanie stylu życia dzieci z prawidłową masą ciała oraz dzieci z nadwagą i otyłością. Metody i pomiary. Badaniami ankietowymi objęto 232 dzieci w wieku 2,5-18 lat (80 dzieci z prawidłowa masą ciała i 152 dzieci z nadwagą i otyłością). Wyniki. Stwierdzono większą częstość występowania otyłości u rodziców dzieci z nadmierną masą ciała (60,13%). Dzieci otyłe rzadziej spożywały posiłki w domu w porównaniu z dziećmi z prawidłową masą ciała (62,50% vs. 37,50%) i jadły nieregularnie. Częściej również próbowały zredukować masę ciała (34,87 vs.1,25%) stosując diety niskokaloryczne. Wnioski. Nadwaga i otyłość stwierdzana u rodziców ma duży wpływ na występowanie nadmiernej masy ciała u dzieci. Posiłki przygotowywane i spożywane w domu przyczyniają się do kształtowania dobrych nawyków żywienio-wych.Endokrynol. Ped. 2016.14.1.54.29-35. © Copyright by PTEiDD 2016Key words overweight, obesity, lifestyle Abstract Introduction. The constant development of civilization and the continuous improvement of the quality of life lead to a change in healthy behaviors. A sedentary lifestyle and excess of calories contribute to an increase in fat tissue, leading to overweight and obesity. Over the past few years, this problem has been growing steadily and becoming an epidemic of the 21 st century in Poland and around the world. Objectives. Comparison of the lifestyle of children with normal weight and children with overweight and obesity. Materials and methods. The study included 232 children at the age 2,5-18 years (80 children with normal body weight and 152 children with overweight and obesity). Results. There was a higher incidence of obesity in parents of children with excessive body weight (60.13%) and less physical activity. Obese children rarely ate lunch at home, compared with children with normal weight (62.50% vs. 37.50%), and and had irregular mealtimes. They more often tried to reduce their body weight (34,87 vs.1, 25%) using low--calorie diets. Conclusions. Overweight and obesity observed in the parents has a major impact on the incidence of excessive weight with children. Meals prepared and eaten at home contribute to the development of good eating habits.
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