Impacts of projected climate and glacier change on river discharge in five glacierized catchments in the northern Tien Shan, Kazakhstan are investigated using a conceptual hydrological model HBV-ETH. Regional climate model PRECIS driven by four different GCM-scenario combinations (HadGEM2.6, HadGEM8.5, A1B using HadCM3Q0 and ECHAM5) is used to develop climate projections. Future changes in glaciation are assessed using the Blatter–Pattyn type higher-order 3D coupled ice flow and mass balance model. All climate scenarios show statistically significant warming in the 21st Century. Neither projects statistically significant change in annual precipitation although HadGEM and HadCM3Q0-driven scenarios show 20–37% reduction in July–August precipitation in 2076–2095 in comparison with 1980–2005. Glaciers are projected to retreat rapidly until the 2050s and stabilize afterwards except under the HadGEM8.5 scenario where retreat continues. Glaciers are projected to lose 38–50% of their volume and 34–39% of their area. Total river discharge in July–August, is projected to decline in catchments with low (2–4%) glacierization by 20–37%. In catchments with high glacierization (16% and over), no significant changes in summer discharge are expected while spring discharge is projected to increase. In catchments with medium glacierization (10–12%), summer discharge is expected to decline under the less aggressive scenarios while flow is sustained under the most aggressive HadGEM8.5 scenario, which generates stronger melt.
Южный научный центр Российской академии наук, г. Ростов-на-Дону;Филиал «Институт природно-технических систем», г. Сочи В настоящем исследовании представлены результаты ретроспективного анализа ветрового волнения в Каспийском море во второй половине XX -начале XXI вв. по результатам гидродинамического моделирования. Разработана трехуровневая схема расчетов ветро-волновых параметров с последовательностью вложенных сеток для детализации отдельных районов; учтены положение кромки льда, динамика береговой линии и морфометрии в зависимости от уровня моря. Выполнено обобщение полученных значений ветрового волнения и их межгодовой динамики. Показана согласованность внутривековых вариаций волнового климата с элементами водного баланса, гидрологическим режимом Каспия, метеорологической обстановкой в регионе. За более чем полвека произошли существенные изменения: увеличилась амплитуда параметров волнения при движении с севера на юг; связи, наблюдавшиеся между отдельными районами моря в середина XX в., нарушились; для мелководных областей бóльший вклад в формирование поля волнения стала вносить глубина. Рассчитанные элементы волнового климата подтвердили ранее сделанные выводы о наличии ряда характерных периодов во внутривековом режиме моря.К л ю ч е в ы е с л о в а : Каспийское море, ветровое волнение, многолетние изменения, математическое моделирование, ретроспективный анализ. N.A. Yaitskaya RETROSPECTIVE ANALYSIS OF WIND WAVES IN THE CASPIAN SEA IN THE SECOND HALF OF THE XX -BEGINNING OF THE XXI CENTURY AND ITS CONNECTION WITH THE REGIONAL CLIMATE CHANGES Southern Scientific Centre of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Rostov-on-Don Branch of the Institute of Natural and Technical Systems, SochiThe results of a retrospective analysis of wind waves in the Caspian Sea in the second half of the 20 thearly 21 st century based on the results of hydrodynamic modeling are presented in the paper. A three-level scheme for calculating wind-wave parameters with a sequence of nested grids for presenting in detail separate regions has been developed; the position of the ice edge and dynamics of the shoreline and the morphometry depending on the sea level were taken into account. The generalization of the obtained values of wind waves and their interannual dynamics has been performed. The coherence of the intrasecular variations of the wave climate with elements of the water balance, the hydrological regime of the sea, and the meteorological situation in the region is shown. For more than half a century, significant changes have taken place: the amplitude of the wave parameters when moving from the northern to southern parts of the sea has increased; the relations that were observed between separate areas of the sea in the middle of the 20 th century have been disturbed; for shallow-water areas, a greater contribution to the formation of the wave field is © Яицкая Н.А., 2017 Исследование выполнено при финансовой поддержке РФФИ в рамках научного проекта №16-35-60046 мол_а_дк.
Аннотация. В работе предс тавлен подход к выявлению и анализу опасных гидрометеорологических явлений, состоящий из четырех этапов. Настоящая методика разработана для южных морей России, но может быть дополнена и применена для других акваторий. Ключевые слова: опасные гидрометеорологические явления, анализ данных, базы данных, математическое моделирование, классификация
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