Sailing within the ice channel that assisting icebreaker tracks is usual for difficult ice conditions in the Northern freezing seas and the Arctic region. There is the danger of emergency, namely, the collision with an icebreaker or the ahead vessel, when ones stop before insuperable ice obstacle or because the engine trouble. The paper contents analysis of the vessel braking process and formulation of the equation that gives possibility modelling this process and evaluating the distance that is necessary for safe stopping of vessel in dependence on its characteristics and ice conditions. Outcomes of investigation will be applicable for the caravan of cargo vessels forming while the icebreaker assistance.
For maintenance of navigation during wintertime in Arctic seas, icebreakers create the wide channels in the fast ice cover or pack ice cover at water areas near to ports with intensive vessel traffic. Within such wide channels cargo ships and tankers can move in both directions independently without icebreaker pilotage among small ice floes. Because the cross-sectional dimension of the channel is restricted, the ships are forced to displace from the center and move on a close distance between their board and border of channel. The space between ship hull and borders is filled by small ice floes, and its concentration near the starboard and portside differs. The ice resistance on each board also differs. Therefore, side force and yawing moment arise that are able to cause the collision with the channel border. This paper contains the detailed problem definition and the main points of the mathematical model of vessel interaction with the channel border. As an example of model application possibilities, the simulation of loads on the hull of the vessel was performed. Outcomes of the investigation are dependent upon the side force and yawing moment on the distance from the channel border and ice conditions.
Cargo ship sailing within the ice channel that assisting icebreaker tracks in the compact ice cover is the usual practice of the navigation for the difficult ice conditions in the freezing seas and in the Arctic water areas. When the icebreaker or an ahead vessel stops before the insuperable ice obstacle or because the engine trouble, the danger of an emergency appears, namely, the collision with the icebreaker or the ahead ship, if the interval between them is not sufficient for the effective braking and stop. The paper presents the equation that describes the ship braking process within an ice channel and includes the thrust of the propeller that works under the reverse regime. The specific of this regime is following: the ship continues the motion “forward» and the propeller rotates “backward”. Analytical method for description of the ship propeller work on the reverse regime is absent because the detached flow on its blades. The paper describes the developed empirical method of this regime parameterization on the base of the serial models of propellers testing. The outcomes of this investigation will be applied for the ship braking process simulation and the safe interval between the ship and the icebreaker evaluation in what follows.
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