Introduction: The review provides relevant information about arginase 2, the role of this enzyme in the formation of endothelial dysfunction and, as a consequence, the development of cardiovascular diseases. History of the discovery of arginase and its functions: The discovery of arginase took place long before its active study as a substance that affects the formation of endothelial dysfunction. Role of arginase 2 in the development of a number of cardiovascular diseases: The role of NO synthase and arginase 2 in the formation of oxidative stress is determined. The pathophysiological mechanisms of the development of a number of cardiovascular diseases, such as coronary heart disease, atherosclerosis, and aortic aneurysm, are described. The modern possibilities of treatment of endothelial dysfunction in the pathology of the cardiovascular system and the possibility of creation of new drugs are considered. An increase in the activity of arginase 2 was proven to occur in the case of the development of coronary heart disease (CHD), hypertension, type II diabetes mellitus, hypercholesterolemia, as well as in the process of aging. According to the WHO, coronary heart disease and apoplectic attack have topped the list of causes of death worldwide over the past 15 years. Arginase 2 as a potential pharmacological target: The purpose of this literature review is to determine the possibilities of use of arginase 2 as a new target for the pharmacological correction of cardiovascular diseases.

The study demonstrated that endothelial dysfunction of bone microvasculature and deterioration of regional blood flow in bone developed eight weeks after ovariectomy in female white Wistar rats thus raising the risk of generalized osteoporosis. Nanoparticulated forms of losartan and resveratrol possessing endothelioprotective action effectively prevented reduction of regional microcirculation in bone tissue through keeping it at the same level as intact rats had. It allowed maintaining an adequate level of bone remodeling processes which was manifested in slowing of thinning of bone trabeculas and in prevention of possible microfractures in them.