Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a condition that consists predominantly of an apparent early delay in communication and social skills. Among the multiple identified etiologies, genetics play a key role. The implementation of early interventional therapy for children with ASD is starting to show promising results. A few medical databases were used to collect multiple published types of research, which were thoroughly screened. Ultimately, a small amount was selected according to the defined eligibility criteria. The 12 articles that were reviewed involved a more significant number of boys than girls, and most clinical trials displayed the importance of starting early therapy. Astonishingly, the overwhelming effects of the COVID-19 pandemic did not affect the continuation of speech therapy in certain areas. In addition, studies emphasize knowledge scarcity, insufficient resources in certain areas, and the demand to educate the community. Conversely, no difference in the level of severity was noted with the implementation of early therapy. Early therapy, chiefly speech therapy used to treat children with ASD, demonstrated favorable outcomes. Communities require awareness about the condition on a broader scale to educate caregivers on early alarming symptoms. All in all, additional exploration needs to be done.

Borderline personality disorder (BPD) is a widespread mental disorder linked to functional impairment and a high suicide rate. Adolescent BPD is now recognized as a reliable and valid diagnosis in psychiatric classification systems and national treatment guidelines. Family issues, such as parental underinvolvement or neglect, may affect the mentalization process and attachment styles. Thus, the family is crucial to understanding the etiology of BPD in adolescents. Family intervention was primarily used as a component of the psychotherapy strategy in the current treatment of BPD, including pharmacological and psychotherapy measures. The primary objective of this study is to review previous research on the effectiveness of family intervention in treating adolescents with BPD. Although there is currently little data, studies in this paper show that family intervention is a realistic treatment option for adolescents with BPD.

Cystic fibrosis (CF) is a chronic disorder that begins at an early age, so it is crucial to be aware of the physical and emotional burden placed on individuals suffering from it and their families. It significantly impacts an individual's life; therefore, it is essential to acknowledge the effects of the disease on physical and mental health. Our systematic review aims to highlight the areas of life affected by cystic fibrosis and evaluate various non-medical treatment options that may support the mental health of CF patients. We selected PubMed, Google Scholar, and MEDLINE (Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System Online) as our databases. We initially found 146,095 articles and narrowed the number of articles down using filters, exclusion and inclusion criteria, and various combinations of Medical Subheadings (MeSH) and key terms. We decided to use a final count of nine articles for our systematic review. The studies we included highlighted the negative impact of cystic fibrosis on mental health, like depression and anxiety, as well as on sleep, physical health, and overall quality of life. Several non-medical interventions, such as logotherapy, psychological interventions, complementary and alternative medicine, and many more, have been shown to enhance the mental health of many participants. Studies suggested that such therapy options may greatly benefit individuals with cystic fibrosis and their current treatment plan. This review indicates that nonmedical therapy options can enhance the mental health of individuals suffering from cystic fibrosis and that it is crucial to bring more attention to preventing and treating mental health issues in cystic fibrosis patients. However, as current data is limited, more research with a larger number of participants over an extended period of time is necessary to better evaluate the efficacy of non-medical interventions on mental health.

The major cause of death in the United States is heart disease. The global burden of illness and mortality from heart failure is substantial. Despite recent innovations in the treatment of heart failure, the prognosis is still poor. To identify, evaluate, and summarize the findings of all relevant studies of a drug that is equally efficacious but rather cost-effective, empagliflozin compared to the other sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 (SGLT2) inhibitors was studied. It is licensed by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA), acts by preventing the reabsorption of glucose from the kidney, and exhibits promising advantages in heart failure.We systematically explored PubMed, PubMed Central (PMC), and Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System Online (MEDLINE) for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and observational studies related to cardiovascular and renal outcomes of empagliflozin in patients with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF). After performing scoping search and search strategy, studies were screened for quality assessment using the Cochrane risk of bias assessment tool. We screened 60 articles by titles, abstract, and exclusion and inclusion criteria, after which eight final randomized controlled trials (RCTs) with 18,659 participants treated with empagliflozin and placebo were used for the systematic review. This systematic review's objective is to investigate and explore the full range of empagliflozin's effects and advantages on cardiac structure, function, and hemodynamics and renal function in patients with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (EF) in order to better understand the drug's effects and related mechanisms.

We have an increasingly aging population and, therefore, cognitive impairment and dementia are becoming more common. Similarly, sleep disorders are also more common among the older population. There is a bidirectional relationship between mild cognitive impairment and sleep disorders. Additionally, both of these issues are underdiagnosed. By identifying and treating sleep disturbances early, we may delay the onset of dementia. Sleep helps in clearing metabolites like amyloid-beta (A-beta) lipoprotein. Clearance leads to decreased fatigue and proper functioning of the brain. A-beta lipoprotein and tau aggregates lead to neurodegeneration. Slow-wave sleep that decreases with aging is important for memory consolidation. In the initial stages of Alzheimer's disease, A-beta lipoprotein and tau deposits were linked to lower slow-wave activity in non-rapid eye movement sleep. Improvement in sleep decreases oxidative stress which in turn leads to decreased A-beta lipoprotein accumulation.