Globally women continue to face substantial barriers to breastfeeding. The 2016 Lancet Breastfeeding Series identified key barriers and reviewed effective interventions that address them. The present study updates the evidence base since 2016 using a review of reviews approach. Searches were implemented using the Epistomenikos database. One hundred and fifteen reviews of interventions were identified and assessed for quality and risk of bias. Over half of reviews (53%) were high-or moderate quality, with the remaining low or critically low quality due to weaknesses in assessment of bias. A large portion of studies addressed high-income and upper-middle income settings, (41%), and a majority (63%) addressed health systems, followed by community and family settings (39%). Findings from reviews continue to strengthen the evidence base for effective interventions that improve breastfeeding outcomes across all levels of the socialecological model, including supportive workplace policies; implementation of the Baby-Friendly Hospital Initiative, skin to skin care, kangaroo mother care, and cup feeding in health settings; and the importance of continuity of care and support in community and family settings, via home visits delivered by CHWs, supported by fathers', grandmothers' and community involvement. Studies disproportionately focus on health systems in high income and upper-middle income settings. There is insufficient attention to policy and structural interventions, the workplace and there is a need for rigorous assessment of multilevel interventions. Evidence from the past 5 years demonstrates the need to build on well-established knowledge to scale up breastfeeding protection, promotion and support programmes.

In the early months of the COVID-19 pandemic, there was a lack of consistent guidance despite pressing questions from health professionals regarding how to limit the spread of SARS-CoV-2 while also providing optimal maternal and child health care. In response, the “COVID-19, Maternal and Child Health, and Nutrition” literature repository was assembled, mobilizing a team of graduate students to provide concise summaries of emerging peer-reviewed publications. What began as a small trickle of evidence from China quickly grew into an overwhelming amount of information – roughly 120-150 publications per week pertaining to maternal and child health in the context of COVID-19. The authors present their experiences constructing, staffing, maintaining, and disseminating this literature repository while also providing opportunities for growth and learning for the graduate student volunteers who made it possible. Many of these students also served on the frontlines of the pandemic as healthcare providers, often sharing how helpful it was for their work with patients to stay up to date with emerging research. This case study is intended to serve as a blueprint for current and future repositories, particularly those that aim to incorporate service learning into graduate education.