This paper discusses the usage of settling column tests, full-scale stress tests, and whole-plant simulators as planning tools to assess the ultimate treatment plant capacity as well as impacts of process changes to effluent quality, process performance, side streams, and biosolids production rates. These planning tools are described in detail and the results of their implementation are presented for the two pure-oxygen activated sludge plants in San Francisco, California.

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The City and County of San Francisco ("City") embarked on a 30 year master planning process in part prompted by public concerns related to the neighborhood impacts of the Southeast Water Pollution Control Plant (SEP). The Sewer System Master Plan, as it is called, developed a long term Integrated Urban Watershed Management Plan for the City's treatment plants and collection system. This paper will focus on the planning framework and public input to the process, particularly as it relates to proposed changes to the SEP. The resulting improvements address issues of replacing aging infrastructure, eliminating odor emissions, and visually screening the treatment plants that are situated within an urban setting. The recommended plan addresses the needed repair of the existing infrastructure, and proposes that the City moves to an integrated urban watershed approach, initially through localized rainwater harvesting and opportunistic water reclamation.

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