No abstract

The paper considers the impact of urbanized areas on the state of water bodies. The impact of various types of anthropogenic activities on water bodies located in cities was shown. In towns, there is worse water resource management than in large cities and the necessity of conducting more detailed research. Using the method of direct conductometry, a spatio-temporal study of the ecological state of water bodies located within the detached objects of the urbanized territory of the Ukraine was carried out using the example of Popasna town. It was shown that fluctuations in the electrical conductivity of these bodies are mainly due to the influence of surface runoff. It was found that in all studied ponds there was a significant drop in the electrical conductivity of water in March 2021, followed by an increase and stabilization in April and May 2021, the characteristic values of electrical conductivity range from 200 to 2900 μS, the relative standard deviation did not exceed 1.5%. The necessity of conducting further, more detailed study of the features of the influence of surface runoff on the water condition in the studied ponds was shown for the purpose of rational management of these water bodies.

The paper analyzes the impact of personal protective equipment used by the population as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic on the environment. The scale of the additional amount of waste generated as a result of the use of protective face masks, etc. is noted. The globality of the existing problem and its multiparametric impact on the components of the environment are indicated. The short-term effect of a number of disposable protective face masks on the condition of soil by chemical component has been studied. The dependence of leaching of heavy metals from masks on soil acidity was experimentally analyzed, the dynamics of mobile phosphorus and potassium in soil samples was studied. It is shown that the presence of masks in the soil leads to exceeding the standard for zinc content, while for copper content and manganese content exceeding the standard is not observed in the study period, for lead there are fluctuations in content beyond standard value. The need for long-term research on the impact of face masks on the environment, and in particular soils, was noted.

The paper examines in detail the environmental impact of foaming agents used for extinguishing Class B fires, which include oil and petroleum product fires. There is a significant negative impact on the environment of long-chain fluorine-containing foaming agents and the search for alternatives of their use for firefighting. The advantages of calculation methods for determining the environmental parameters of foaming agents to extinguish fires, taking into account their chemical structure, are noted. The method «Quantitative Structure - Property Relationships» was used for obtaining BCF, LC50 (Fathead Minnow, Daphnia Magna), IGC50 (Tetrahymena Pyriformis) for a number of foaming agents with a carbon chain length C8-C14, containing fluorine and fluorine-free. It is shown that according to BCF the safest is sodium lauryl sulfate, according to LC50 (Daphnia Magna) the safest of the studied are foaming agents based on alkyl compounds Sodium decyl sulfate, Sodium lauryl sulphate, Triethanolamine salt of deсyl sulfate (third class of acute toxicity), whereas fluorine-containing compounds (6:2 fluorotelomers) according to LC50 (Daphnia Magna) belong to the first class of acute toxicity (the most dangerous of the studied compounds). Keywords: fluorine-free foaming agent; fluorotelomer; oil; petroleum products; extinguishing the fires; environmental parameter; calculation method.

Impact on the aquatic medium of the number of inorganic additives that are part of the foaming agents for firefighting is investigated in paper. The influence of the most widespread inorganic components on aquatic organisms was analyzed. Significant variability of data was noted. It is proved that the magnesium and sodium chlorides are the safest for the environment and the most dangerous ones are aluminum compounds and sulfamic acid. Inorganic additives based on aluminum, sulfamic acid, and sodium bicarbonate are the most dangerous for aquatic living organisms, in the short and long term, and the safest compounds are magnesium and sodium chlorides.