The relevance of the study presented is conditioned upon the fact that the current national policy of control and supervision, including industrial safety, is designed to detect and prevent violations of the permissible level of danger for people and the environment by entities engaged in economic activities. The purpose of this study is to analyse occupational risks in enterprises and to explore new approaches, methodologies and ways of improving the assessment of occupational risks in production facilities. The methodological foundation of the study is based on a combination of various general scientific methods of scientific knowledge: analysis and synthesis of information, comparative method, and methods of induction and deduction. Improving the state of occupational safety requires improving the principles of occupational safety management. In addition, an assessment of the risk to the life or health of employees from economic activity should be performed and defined as the product of the probability of one accident per year and the probable number of lost working days per employee during the year. The study identified that workplace risk assessment should be re-evaluated whenever changes are expected in the company that may affect safety, such as new processes, new equipment, new materials, or changes in the work organisation or the work environment. The steps of risk assessment are clarified, the means of eliminating or reducing the risk are identified. It was demonstrated that a risk assessment should be developed and used to help employers or managers, and it was emphasised that once risks and dangers have been identified, appropriate action should be implemented with proper legal compliance. The practical significance of the presented research is that it can be used both in practice and for studying the theory of occupational risk assessment at enterprises.

The relevance of the study is conditioned by the peculiarities of martial law and its impact on the implementation of the rights of individuals and legal entities. The issue of giving each person the opportunity to use their powers to protect their benefits, which is guaranteed by the state, in the conditions of martial law, has become of great importance. The paper is aimed at defining and disclosing the concept of “protection of civil rights” and the possibility of its implementation under martial law. The leading methods of research are dialectical and systematic, which allow considering the legal nature of the category “protection”. A systematic approach helped determine the most effective legal ways to protect rights under martial law. The study defines the concept of “protection of civil rights under martial law”, reveals the specifics of the implementation of the right to protect one's rights, considering the peculiarities and restrictions of wartime, examines the most effective ways to protect civil rights and the possibility of their application under martial law, describes the jurisdictional and non-jurisdictional forms of civil rights protection. The theoretical value of the study is to define the concept of “the right to protection of civil rights”, considering the specifics and restrictions caused by martial law, which can become the basis for further scientific research of related issues. The practical value of the study is the disclosure of the specifics of the implementation of the right to protection in the territories where military operations are conducted, and to determine effective forms and methods of protecting civil rights under martial law.

The relevance of the researched problem lies in the fact that today industrial injuries and accidents at workplace are a fairly common problem. Since lives and health of employees, as well as production process efficiency, depend on ensuring workplace safety, occupational safety management becomes an important and integral component of industrial health and safety. The management of enterprises should be guided by the principle of life and health of employees being the most important value. There are certain methods of occupational safety management, such as economic, organisational, administrative-legal and social-psychological, which enable to create safe conditions at workplace. With their help, safe working conditions can be significantly improved and therefore efficiency of production process can be increased. In this regard, this article is aimed at defining the concept of occupational safety as an essential element of industrial health and safety. It also taps into the main components that make up an integrated occupational safety system and methods of occupational safety management, which must be taken into account by the management of an enterprise, institution, organisation and the government, the latter also controlling implementation of legislative regulations at workplace, as the economic situation in the country depends to a large extent on the level of production processes functionality. In addition, analysis of existing international standards in the labour protection field has been carried out, their features and scope of application have been considered. On the basis of the revealed data, specific recommendations have been developed, namely, advancement of prosocial behavior, technical upgrade, conduct of briefings and trainings aimed at increasing occupational safety. The research was carried out on the basis of general scientific and special methods of cognition, such as analogy, factor analysis, comparison, structural analysis, expert assessments and opinions, analysis of the causes of industrial injuries and various industrial diseases. The authors investigated the evolution of management and administration in labor protection and industrial safety, their interconnection and interdependence. The result of this scientific work is an understanding of the importance of compliance with safety rules at workplaces, of negative consequences that may arise from non-compliance with legislative regulations and international standards developed by the international community regarding occupational safety. A variety of management methods that can be used during set up of production process, as well as development of recommendations that will help to improve the current situation in labour safety, ensuring protection of labour rights, freedoms and legitimate interests of employees, enacted in most countries by Constitution, have been discussed. Having analysed the fact that currently the state of guaranteeing safe working conditions for employees is in a critical situation, industrial injuries and accidents at enterprises have become widespread. We can come to a conclusion that it is necessary to legislate this situation, to strengthen the legal responsibility of management and employees for non-compliance with safety rules during production process