Cardiovascular disease is the most common cause of death and disability worldwide. There are more than 12 million patients with hypertension in Ukraine. Timely prescription of medicines patients with AH in accordance with current clinical guidelines significantly improves the quality of life and survival of patients. The purpose of the study was to conduct a comparative analysis of the international and domestic range of modern medicines for the treatment of hypertension according to INN and ATC-classification and to investigate the status of their registration and inclusion in the reimbursement lists in Ukraine in order to determine the potential physical availability of drugs for the treatment of hypertension. An analysis of the domestic regulatory framework showed that international CG for the treatment of hypertension and national CPs can be used in Ukraine. The content analysis of the CG showed that international CG include classes of medicines for initial and maintenance therapy of hypertension: ACE inhibitors, ARBs, diuretics (thiazide and thiazide-like), calcium antagonists and beta-blockers, while preference is given to combinations of these drugs due to better adherence patients for treatment. It was found that according to the ATC classification, 41 ACE inhibitors and their combinations are represented on the international pharmaceutical market for the treatment of hypertension; of which 16 are single-component drugs, 25 are combined; ARB II and their combinations ‒ 32, single-component 10, combinations ‒ 22; calcium channel blockers and their combinations ‒ 21, single-component ‒ 18, combinations ‒ 2, thiazide diuretics ‒ 10, thiazide-like diuretics ‒ 11. An analysis of the status of registration in Ukraine according to certain INN and ATC classification showed that 56 drugs were registered, which is 48.69% of the possible 115 (drugs and ACE inhibitors and their combinations 22 (53.65%), ARBs II and their combinations 21 (65.63%); CCBs and their combinations ‒ 8 (38.10%); thiazide diuretics ‒ 1 (10%), thiazide-like diuretics ‒ 3 (27.27%)).

The aim: to assess the state of pharmaceutical provision of patients with dementia in Alzheimer's disease in Ukraine in accordance with international recommendations. Materials and methods. In our studies, we used data from international guidelines, clinical protocols that regulate the organization of medical and pharmaceutical care for these patients in the USA, Australia, Japan, Germany, Great Britain, Finland, India, Kazakhstan, and Ukraine. The actual state of pharmaceutical provision of these patients in Ukraine was studied using a depersonalized database of medical prescriptions, which operates based on a number of specialized healthcare institutions. In addition, data from the Morion information search system were used. We used general theoretical (historical, formal, graphic, hypothetical-deductive, etc.) and applied (clinical-economic, organizational-economic, mathematical-statistical, etc.) research methods. Results. It has been established that a consolidated opinion has been formed in the world scientific community regarding the possibility of effective use in the pathogenetic treatment of patients with dementia in Alzheimer's disease of drugs from the groups N06DA Acetylcholinesterase inhibitors and N06DX-Other drugs for use in case of dementia. Thus, the pharmaceutical component of international recommendations, clinical protocols for the treatment of patients with dementia in Alzheimer's disease contains four drugs used in pathogenetic therapy. These are N06DA02 Donepezil, N06DA03 Rivastigmine, N06DA04 Galantamine and N06DX01 Memantine. It has been reported that all the above drugs are included in the domestic clinical protocol for the treatment of patients with dementia in Alzheimer's disease, the State Drug Formulary (with the exception of N06DA03 Rivastigmine), and the State Drug Registry. At the same time, all of them were absent from the National List of Essential Drugs, which has an important socio-economic and medical-pharmaceutical significance in the health care system. It was found that patients (200 people) received 2487 prescriptions (100.0 %), among which 9.41 % (234 prescriptions) were drugs used in pathogenetic treatment. There is a highly disproportionate nature of the distribution of prescriptions and consumption by international generic names of drugs. Thus, drugs N06DX01 Memantine accounted for 80.41 % (188 prescriptions) of all prescriptions in the group N06D Drugs for use in dementia, and the consumption rate was UAH 84420.20, which accounted for 91.48 % of the amount of expenses directed to patients with carrying out pathogenetic treatment. Significant dominance of drugs N06DX01 Memantine in the structure of prescriptions and consumption indicates the presence of severe, advanced forms of dementia in patients. This fact once again emphasizes the need for early detection and treatment of cognitive impairment, primarily for the rational use of limited health care resources. We have found that there are no prescriptions for N06D A04 Galantamine preparations, which are recommended by the relevant international recommendations in different countries of the world, as well as by the domestic clinical protocol for the pathogenetic treatment of mild and moderate forms of Alzheimer's disease. At the same time, N06DA05 Ipidacrine preparations were used in the treatment of domestic patients, which are not presented in the pharmaceutical component of international recommendations and protocols governing the pathogenetic treatment of the above-mentioned groups of neuropsychiatric patients. Conclusions. The peculiarities of the formation of the pharmaceutical component in the organization of the treatment process of patients with dementia in Alzheimer's disease in Ukraine, established by us, allow further research on the development of rational ways of resource provision of neuropsychiatric patients

The system of pharmacovigilance in the world appeared in response to series of tragedies related to the use of medicines. The largest of these were «sulfanilamide boom», «thalidomide tragedy» and «bomb with time mechanism». In Ukraine, the pharmacovigilance system has existed since 1996, and since 2002 Ukraine has been a member of the WHO international monitoring program for side effects. In 2000–2001 appeared the first orders of the Ministry of Health of Ukraine that regulated the implementation of pharmacovigilance in Ukraine, and in 2007, when the Order of the Ministry of Health of Ukraine № 898 came into force, the legislative framework in the pharmacovigilance system has been radically changed. This is connected with the reflection of the provisions of Directive 2001/83 / EC of the European Parliament and of the Council on the Community code relating to medicinal products in the order № 898. Today, the development of pharmacovigilance in Ukraine is carried out through adaptation to European legislation, which is stipulated by the Law of Ukraine «On the National Program of Adaptation of Ukrainian Legislation to the Law of the European Union». Among the prospects for the development of pharmacovigilance in Ukraine: introduction of amendments and additions to the legislative base of Ukraine in the context of pharmacovigilance; introduction of proactive management of the negative consequences of the use of drugs; introduction of the Automated Information System with the Pharmacovigilance System (AISЗ) into the health care system of Ukraine; dissemination of necessary knowledge about adverse reactions among the public, establishing the algorithm of action in case of an adverse reaction, the promotion of compliance and trust between the patient and the physician, reasoning of the rational, cautious and correct use of drugs and the prevention of self-treatment of serious conditions.

The aim was to conduct a retrospective consumption analysis of 4 groups of single pill combinations for hypertension treatment and identify potential candidates for future inclusion in the reimbursement list in Ukraine, based on retrospective consumption patterns. Materials and methods: The objects of the study were retail sales data in pharmaceutical market in Ukraine of four groups of single pill combinations used for arterial hypertension treatment. Data was provided by the marker research system “Pharmstandard” of the company of “Morion”. Analytic-comparative, systematic, logical, and mathematical-statistical methods were used. Results: Single pill combinations of ACE inhibitors with diuretics were the most consumed among other combinations on 2018-2020. Retrospective evaluation of consumption patterns in period of 2018-2020 showed that combinations of captopril and hydrochlorothiazide (HCTD) 50 mg/25 mg, enalapril and HCTD 10 mg/25 mg, lisinopril and HCTD 10 mg/12.5 mg were the most consumed. Among ARB and diuretics combinations valsartan and HTCD (160 mg/12.5 mg and 80 mg/12.5 mg) and losartan and HTCD (50 mg /12.5 mg) were the most consumed among ARB and diuretics combinations. Within ACE inhibitors and calcium channel blockers (CCB) combinations the most consumed were lisinopril/amlodipine 10 mg/5 mg and a perindopril arginine/amlodipine 5 mg/5 mg. Valsartan and amlodipine holds the majority among ARC and CCB combinations, consumed in period of 2018-2020. Conclusion: Apart from the single pill combinations, enlisted in the WHO Essential medicines list, eight more single pill combination were identified, based on retrospective consumption patterns, as potential candidates for further inclusion in the reimbursement list in Ukraine

the article presents the results of the study of impact of the reimbursement program “Affordable medicines” on consumption of beta-blockers in Ukraine, used for treatment of cardiovascular diseases. Analysis was conducted based on analytical data of Ukrainian pharmaceutical market research system “PharmXplorer” of the company “Proxima Research”, with current legislation taken into account. It was estimated, that in 2021, according to international non-proprietary name and 5th level of ATC classification -  two non-selective beta-blockers: propanolol (ATC code  С07АА05) and sotalol (С07АА07); six selective beta-blockers: metoprolol (С07АВ02), atenolol (С07АВ03), betaxolol (С07АВ05), bisoprolol (С07АВ07), esmolol (С07АВ09) and nebivolol (С07АВ12); and one beta-blocker from alpha and beta blocking agents group – carvedilol (C07GA02) are allowed for medical use in Ukraine. From the beginning, when reimbursement program “Affordable medicines” was implemented (April 1st, 2017), only 4 beta-blockers were included in the reimbursement list. Consumption patterns were analyzed in terms of defined daily dose, and it was estimated that bisoprolol was the leader among all beta-blockers in terms of consumption in period from 2016 to 2020. The findings show, that among beta-blockers, that were included in the reimbursement list, the major annual growth of consumption was detected for bisoprolol and carvedilol, although the growth of consumption of metoprolol and atenolol was noted only within the first year of functioning of the reimbursement program “Affordable medicines”, and beginning from 2018, the consumption of these two beta-blockers was declining annually.  Among beta-blockers, that were not included in the reimbursement list, the increase in annual growth of consumption was spotted for nebivolol and sotalol. DDD/1000 inhabitants/day indicators were calculated for each beta-blocker. It was found, that throughout the years the biggest value of this indicator was for bisoprolol – 8,46 in 2016; 11,74 in 2017; 15,28 in 2018 ; 16,88 and 17,48 in 2019 and in 2020 respectfully. The growth of this indicator can give evidence about positive effect of the reimbursement program “Affordable medicines” on consumption of bisoprolol and its affordability for population in Ukraine in 2017-2020.