Topicality. Today, the concept of inclusion is widely used in socio-economic aspects of people's lives, including in the organization of urban space. The implementation of the principles of inclusion in the field of nature management has great potential in the field of park management. At the moment it is known about the creation of the first inclusive park in Ukraine in the Dnieper. Its creation is based on the principles of affordable and safe recreation in the park for children with disabilities. Therefore, based on the role of parks as an element of public space, it is important to highlight the main opportunities and goals of their use in the field of inclusive nature management. Aim and tasks. The purpose of the article is to analyze and summarize the features of inclusive nature management in general purpose parks. Research results. The introduction of an inclusive approach in the field of nature management is based on solving the problems of accessibility to ecosystem services of all segments of the population. Due to the vulnerability and high level of destruction of artificial ecosystems, certain environmental regulations must be met in the field of park management. These requirements are created in accordance with the specifics of the park's ecosystems and their intended use. Some types of city parks, such as: arboretums, botanical gardens, zoos, parks-monuments of landscape art, in accordance with the Law of Ukraine "On Nature Reserve Fund of Ukraine", are classified as objects of protection. Thus, the quality of ecosystem services in these areas to some extent depends on the implementation of environmental requirements. Conclusion. The study outlines the essential differences between socio-economic and natural inclusion. The main goals of the park facilities within the framework of the implementation of the inclusive approach are outlined. The positive consequences of the expansion of recreation parks and moderate recreation in urban areas are highlighted.
The relevance of the study is supported by the fact that the key requirements for modern urban parks are their compliance with the needs of public space, along with their high importance in performing environmental functions. Public and environmental criteria for the construction of parks often contradict one another. Therefore, the purpose of the article is to present a clear integrated approach to solving the problem of developing urban parks in Ukraine and provide proposals for their additional financial and institutional support. The main direction of the methodology of scientific research was the system approach, namely its aspects: system-element, system-functional, system-resource and system-communication. The study revealed the importance of promoting parks as public space, and determined their recreational value for residents of modern metropolitan areas, especially during the COVID-19 pandemic. The importance of programmatic support for ecosystem services groups of parks that will contribute to their effective operation in terms of social and ecological significance is substantiated. It is proposed to introduce tax incentives and non-market forms of support for enterprises, institutions and organizations that would encourage them to participate in the improvement of parks as one of the ways to solve the lack of funding for parks and stimulate their development. It is indicated that the amount of tax benefits depends on the activity of entrepreneurs in improving parks and creating new green areas, and act on a voluntary basis. The practical value of the work lies in the fact that the recommendations can be used by the authorities in the process of developing programs for the maintenance, financing and operation of parks, in order to increase their environmental and social effectiveness in the welfare of cities
The requirements of modern society for urban parks represent them as multifunctional territories. Global trends suggest that parks have a social essence and are focused on creating a healthy and aesthetic environment. But in Ukraine, parks are considered only as landscape and architectural complexes. Therefore, they are financed under urban planning programmes and at the expense of budget funds. Attracting funds from organisations in the field of landscaping requires greater integration of parks into the socio-economic system. At the same time, it is necessary to develop mechanisms for economic incentives for organisations to participate in the improvement of park areas. The purpose of this study is an economic analysis of modern financing of the green economy in Ukraine and the development of proposals for additional sources of financial support for parks. In this paper, using the analytical method, the accounting of the financial state of the green economy in the regions of Ukraine is carried out. Typical problems of modern financing, the main shortcomings of budget financing, and problems of commercial organisations in the field of urban greening are highlighted. Using the economic and mathematical modeling (index method), the analysis of changes in indicators of providing green spaces and, accordingly, indicators of their financial condition is carried out. The practical significance of the study lies in the development of recommendations on additional ways to finance park management based on the introduction of the practice of public-private partnerships, trust agreements, and easement. Requirements have been formed for legal entities that have the right to conclude such transactions. An economic mechanism for stimulating the establishment of publicprivate partnerships and concluding agreements in the field of landscaping is proposed
As of today, according to the classifications of ecosystem services, there were developed numerous methods of their assessment. At the same time, there are no studies on institutional support for ecosystems depending on their functional groups. If we want to achieve economic effects in our economic activity in the process of support and improvement of ecosystem functions, we need to know exactly what effects are desirable and which ecosystem functions are responsible for them. Therefore, the subject of research of the article is groups of ecosystem services of city parks and the possibility of their institutional support. The purpose of the article is to present a comprehensive approach to support for ecosystem services of city parks by diversifying directions of support by ecosystem functions. The article uses methods of theoretical cognition, namely: induction, deduction and systems analysis. The use of systems analysis is aimed at systematizing data on ecosystem functioning, and known ways of their institutional control and support. Conceptual data passes through the border of economics and ecology, and consist of known developments for the assessment of ecosystem services, their functional classification. The study and analysis of these sources allowed to develop a comprehensive approach to institutional support of park ecosystems, in order to obtain certain economic, ecological and social effects. The paper presents the specifics of institutional support of parks according to the landscape and geographical approach. Based on the analysis of the characteristics of parks of different categories, it was found that city parks in their organizational and economic support should embody the functions of public space, while maintaining its ecological significance for the city. Therefore, the results of the research indicate that due to its versatility, high-quality organization of the city park requires clear and responsible institutional support. A quality city park meets the social and ecological needs of the city, and ideally, contributes to the economic well-being of nearby facilities and areas. The popularity and economic importance of the park depends on the ability to meet all these needs and the quality of ecosystem services of the park. The practical significance of the study is that the diversification of institutional support of city parks by groups of ecosystem services will increase the efficiency of management and organizational apparatus in the field of park management and will improve the quality of services received by park visitors. Improvement of the quality of services will contribute towards the increase of the popularity of parks and, consequently, economic benefits. The originality of the article lies in the fact that the author proposed for the first time the support for park facilities by groups of ecosystem services. It is determined that city parks are characterized by the following functional groups of ecosystem services: regulatory, cultural and supportive. The qualitative component with regard to the city park provides not only its support as an ecosystem, but also the possibility of convenient consumption of these services by park visitors. Therefore, it is important for city parks to note the availability of infrastructure, which should be considered separately from the support of ecosystem services.
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