Indicators of the central government budgets were analysed in the article with use of calculation of shares of various categories and subcategories of revenues for the purpose of identification of structural features and the directions of structural transformation of budgetary revenue at central level of public administration in the federal countries from 2000 till 2015. The similarity and distinction of structures were revealed during the cluster hierarchical analysis and calculation of the Ryabtsev index. It is proved that there is no unambiguous interrelation between federal type of governance and sources of revenue of central budget. It was also revealed that budgetary revenues in the developed federal states were stabler whereas the most essential structural changes were noted in the countries with emerging economy, and the common phenomenon was distribution of receipts from taxes on income and profit and also taxes on internal operations with goods and services between budgets of various levels and also fixing taxes on the international operations to the central budget. It is found that significantly the tendency to changing in level of fiscal decentralization in federal states is not observed, except for the Russian Federation, in which financial autonomy of regions and local authorities testifies more likely about financial (so -and administrative) centralization. Keywords IntroductionThe choice of rational quantitative parameters and qualitative characteristics of the budgetary policy is one of the major government decisions which define the prospects of development of national economies in the long term. The volume of revenues to budgets of various levels as well as financial capacities of governments in the solution of tasks of public administration and ensuring countrie's financial sovereignty depend on revenue structure, types and rates of taxes, an order of tax base calculation, income from state ownership and providing administrative services etc. On the other hand, the level of a tax burden, model of financial behavior, comparative effectiveness of state and municipal property management, an order of distribution of tax and non-tax revenue between budgets of various levels influence health of economic climate, sharpness of political conflicts within the country between the center and territories, define degree of political responsibility of the power to electorate and conscientiousness of tax and budgetary discipline.The fundamental and complex problematic character of groundation of rational combination of the principles and the purposes, requirements and opportunities, level of fiscal decentralization and neccessity of strengthening control for accumulation and use of financial resources forces both the academic and bureaucratic elite to look for the decision in historical experience and to pay attention to other states' success stories. The specified circumstances encourage drawing closer attention to realization of various national approaches to creation of the budgetary system, fi...
Urgency of the research. Process of democratization of public administration assumes redistribution of powers down within hierarchy of governance. Nevertheless, despite increase in a role of regional level of governance, financial resources of regional bodies are limited. Target setting. Regions in the most of federal countries have no full financial self-sufficiency. The truth is also that in the federal countries there is no uniform model of distribution of public incomes between the central and regional authorities. The specified circumstances induce to carry out the comparative analysis of regional budgets' revenues breakdown in these countries. Actual scientific researches and issues analysis. Nowadays more and more researches are devoted to studying of experience of various countries in formation of local budgets’ resource base: Foremny D. et al., Bobáková V., Malikká L., Reznichenko D. S. et al., Muzyka O, Volokhova I. and some other are the most noticeable. Uninvestigated parts of general matters defining. At the same time, more careful comparative analysis is necessary for understanding of an overall picture and regularities of fixing of certain financial resources to regional budgets. The research objective. To identify structural features and the directions of transformation of budgetary revenue breakdown at regional level of public administration in the federal states from 2000 till 2015. The statement of basic materials. Statistical materials for assessment of budgetary revenue breakdown is processed. Dynamics of revenue’s structural changes for budgets of regional level of public governance at federal states as well as similarity and distinctions of revenue’s breakdowns of regional budgets in federal countries are analyzed. Conclusions. A tendency to reduction of own tax revenues and increase the interbudgetary transfers share was revealed as well as two clusters (with domination of interbudgetary transfers in regional budgets’ revenue breakdown and with relatively higher of financial autonomy) were described. There is no strong evidence for real dependence between autonomy of the regional power and federal type of state system.
Актуальність теми дослідження. Економіка України нещодавно зазнала чергової рецесії, що обумовлює необхідність усунення структурних проблем, стабілізації або збільшення податкових надходжень. Постановка проблеми. Динаміка і структура вітчизняної податкової бази і об’єктів оподаткування стають все більш нестабільними та непередбачуваними. Подолання цього явища є науковою задачею, на вирішення якої мають спрямовуватися зусилля науковців. Аналіз останніх досліджень і публікацій. Розробці теоретичних та методологічних засад податкової статистики, які створюють підґрунтя виміру мінливості податкових надходжень, присвячені вітчизняні дослідження Ю. Бойко, О. Гірської та Г. Цегелик, М. Дєдушевої, К. Ілляшенка та Г. Левченка, Г. Кучерової, В. Лукіна та В. Савченко, В. Мартинюка, П. Чернова та інших вчених. Виділення недосліджених частин загальної проблеми. Термін «волатильність», під яким розуміється мінливість, рухливість, нестійкість показника, майже не застосовується вітчизняними дослідниками відносно податкових надходжень. Постановка завдання. Формалізація системи інструментів механізму регулювання волатильності податкових надходжень в розрізі окремих податків. Виклад основного матеріалу. У статті встановлено, що кожен податок має свою суттєву роль у виконанні функцій регулювання волатильності податкових надходжень. Фіскальна функція реалізується в основному через ПДВ та акцизний податок; розподільча – через ПДФО, регулююча стимулююча та дестимулююча – через податок на прибуток підприємств, економічна відновлювальна та превентивна – через податок на прибуток підприємств та ПДФО. Висновки. В процесі дослідження отримала подальший розвиток формалізована система інструментів механізму регулювання волатильності податкових надходжень до 2020 р., яка включає конкретні заходи з встановлення ставок податків, надання податкових пільг, регулювання податкового навантаження основних податків, враховуючи специфічні функції, що ними реалізуються. Наведене дозволить підвищити дієвість податкового регулювання з урахуванням поточної та майбутніх фаз економічного циклу в економіці України.
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