The questions of optimizing the operation parameters of basalt fiber drawing with the view to raising fiber strength are considered. To find out the interdependency between mechanical properties of fibers and thermal characteristics of basalt melt in the drawing process both mathematical modeling and experimental investigations have been undertaken in this study. The accurate numerical model, which describe adequately heat transfer in the drawing process of glass fiber has been used to determine the cooling rate of a melt jet in the vitrification stage. The fiber strength is found to be proportional to the melt cooling rate which is specified completely by the initial conditions of drawing. The results provide the theoretical basis of cnoosing and regulating technological parameters in the production of basalt and glass fibers. Fiber materials of various purpose, obtained from basalt continuous fibers, have high physicochemical characteristics, which are inferior only to expensive composites based on carbon and carbidities. Basalt continuous fibers are characterized by increased strength and elastic module. By strength properties, continuous basalt fibers are compared to glass fibers, and by module The elasticity exceeds them. The ability to control the properties of fibers in the production of basalt fibers is an important stage in the way of improving and optimizing the technology of their production. Obtaining basalt fibers with high strength and elasticity module requires understanding of the basic factors that affect these parameters. First of all, the chemical and mineralogical composition of the raw material.