Abstract. The article ascertains that quantitative characteristics of the development of insurance market in Ukraine contradict its qualitative characteristics. The main reason for this is that the insurer's investment portfolio typically consists of equity securities and that the investment risk is partially reduced by T-bills. A positive evaluation of legislative novelties that regulate the insurance market in Ukraine and that motivate insurance companies to increase the quality of their portfolios has also been given. Additionally, recommendations to implement international investment standards for better insurers' investment performance and to increase the transparency of securities transactions. Keywords: Securities; Investment; Insurance Companies JEL Classіfіcatіon: E22; G11; G22; G23; H54; K22 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.21003/ea.V159-18 Косова Т. Д. доктор економічних наук, професор, кафедра фінансів та моделювання економічних систем, Класичний приватний університет, Запоріжжя, Україна Слободянюк Н. О. кандидат економічних наук, доцент, завідувач кафедри фінансів та банківської справи, Донецький національний університет економіки і торгівлі імені Михайла Туган-Барановського, Кривий Ріг, Україна Цінні папери як об'єкт інвестування страхових компаній: проблеми й перспективи Анотація. У статті встановлено, що кількісні показники розвитку інвестиційної складової страхового ринку України вступають у протиріччя з якісними, оскільки портфель цінних паперів сформований переважно за рахунок пайових цінних паперів, ризик інвестування в які частково компенсується облігаціями внутрішньої державної позики. Надано позитивну оцінку новелам нормативно-правового регулювання страхового ринку, які стимулюють страхові компанії до підвищення якості портфеля цінних паперів. Розроблено рекомендації з імплементації страховими компаніями глобальних стандартів результативності інвестування, а також із підвищення транспарентності операцій із цінними паперами. Ключові слова: цінні папери; інвестування; страхові компанії. Косова Т. Д. доктор экономических наук, профессор, кафедра финансов и моделирования экономических систем, Классический частный университет, Запорожье, Украина Слободянюк Н. А. кандидат экономических наук, доцент, заведующая кафедрой финансов и банковского дела, Донецкий национальный университет экономики и торговли имени Михаила Туган-Барановского, Кривой Рог, Украина Ценные бумаги как объект инвестирования страховых компаний: проблемы и перспективы Аннотация. В статье установлено, что количественные показатели развития инвестиционной составляющей стра-хового рынка Украины вступают в противоречие с качественными, поскольку портфель ценных бумаг сформирован преимущественно за счет паевых ценных бумаг, риск инвестирования в которые частично компенсируется облигациями внутреннего государственного займа. Дана позитивная оценка новеллам нормативно-правового регулирования стра-хового рынка, стимулирующих страховые компании к повышению качества портфеля ценных бумаг. Разработаны рекомендации по имплементации страховыми ком...
The theoretical and methodological principles of researching the tax security of a state were substantiated with the emphasis placed on the two basic economic theories: the social choice theory and the reflectivity theory. The differential features of national tax systems under globalization conditions and their impact on the economic security of the countries that differ in the political regime, the level of economic development, geography and location were identified. There was given the assessment of the cross-sector approach, based on which multifactor effective marginal tax rates in the European Union (EU) are calculated, and of the marginal approach to taxation in general. The analytical study of tax security of the countries of Organization of economic cooperation and development (OECD) was carried out based on the assessment of the specific weight of taxes in gross domestic product, as well as the structure of taxes in the context of taxation objects: income individuals, income corporates, social security contributions, property, value added taxes, other consumption taxes. A particular attention is attached to the problems of taxation of the motion of capital and goods between the EU countries within the framework of ensuring the mutual economic benefits of the collective interests. The assessment of external and internal threats to tax security of Ukraine was performed based on the identification of the shadow economy segment, reasons for its emergence and consequences for the national economy, as well as the dynamics of the absolute and relative indicators of the budget-debt security. The recommendations on strengthening the tax security of Ukraine under the European integration conditions were given.
Introduction. The focus of the study is determined by the urgency of the task to increase the budgetary income, which is one of prerequisites for successful breakthrough of Ukraine in military-political and socio-economic crisis. Purpose: to ground the concept of application of the gap-management for better sustainability of the budgetary system. The research subject is the views on tax gap prevention, and their effectiveness in domestic practice. We were reviewing theoretical, methodological and practical foundations of tax administration improvement. Methodologically research is based on gap-management theory. Results. Specific misbalances inherent to the tax systems are generalized by the authors, i.e. between the outcomes of progressive and flat taxation, between public income and expenses at different level of government, in foreign economic activity depending on the location of VAT taxation, in the internal processes of defining tax credit on VAT, and in the time gap between consolidation of the GDP and generation of tax income to the budget. Based on critical assessment of the tax risk management, five stages of process were defined: exposure of risks, their evaluation, determination and introduction of the counter-measures, efficiency assessment of the results. Conclusion. The results are grounded in the critical comparative analysis of the practice of tax management in Ukraine and of the established international practices. The international standards of introduction of fiscal transparency, sustainability, and tax risk management were analysed in their interconnection and mutual impact. We introduced the model which explained strategic mechanisms and principles of state tax management by the shift of emphasis in the system of tasks from achieving of the planned indicators of tax income to the budget, to the minimization of the tax gap. On the practical side, our research provides recommendations for long-term prognoses on the tax income and reporting on the fiscal risks.Косова Т. Д. доктор економічних наук, професор, професор кафедри фінансів, банківської справи та підприємництва, Донбаська державна машинобудівна академія, Краматорськ, Україна Слободянюк Н. О. доктор економічних наук, доцент, завідувач кафедри фінансів та банківської справи, Донецький національний університет економіки і торгівлі імені Михайла Туган-Барановського, Кривий Ріг, Україна Ползікова Г. В. кандидат економічних наук, доцент кафедри фінансів і маркетингу, ДВНЗ «Придніпровська державна академія будівництва та архітектури», Дніпро, Україна Шатанова А. кандидат економічних наук, професор, коледж міжнародного бізнесу ISM Slovakia, Прешов, Словаччина Gap-менеджмент в оподаткуванні: теоретичний і прикладний аспекти Анотація. У статті узагальнено специфічні дисбаланси, притаманні податковим системам: між наслідками оподаткування за прогресивною та рівномірною шкалами; між доходами й видатками бюджетів різних рівнів через наявність трансфертів; у сфері зовнішньоекономічної діяльності залежно від місця обкладання ПДВ; у внутрішніх процеса...
In the conditions of the growth of the world population, providing with food becomes the main task of the countries of the world, its solving is connected, among other things, with the development of the resources of the World Ocean and the growing role of fish farming and aquaculture as an additional source of sustainable food supply for the global population. That is why, in the ranking of the most important globally institutionalized sustainable development goals (SDGs) in the fourteenth position out of seventeen, there is the goal – "Sustainable consumption of ocean and sea resources", which is aimed at strengthening the role of world fisheries in solving the problems of global food security and combating hunger and poverty. The purpose of the article is to analyze the current state of the world's fisheries and its contribution to solving the global problem of providing the world's population with food. The article analyzes the dynamics of average annual volumes of world production, use and sales of fishery and aquaculture products over the past thirty years. The specific weight of the continents in the world production of industrial fishing and aquaculture products is determined. The dynamics of fishing, the volumes of import and export of fish and seafood, the structure of production and the level of consumption of fish products by the global population were studied and defined a general increase in the values of these indicators. It was determined that the international trade of fish and fish products is developing against the background of the growth of world trade volumes in total, which is facilitated by the policy of globalization and trade liberalization, shows that the growth of international fish trade is happening rapidly and this emphasizes the important role of this sector of the world economy as a driving force of its economic growth and a significant factor in ensuring global food security. It has been investigated that the extraction of aquatic bioresources under aquaculture conditions during the same period has a clear upward trend, which indicates the dynamic development of fishing, fish farming and aquaculture in coastal waters and inland reservoirs in the TOP-10 countries of the world's fish producers. It is recommended to increase the domestic volume of fish and other living aquatic resources in aquaculture conditions. The main prospects of the world fishery industry are outlined in the implementation of the strategy for the development of the fishery industry for the period up to 2030.
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