Introduction: Cancer is a neoplasm that, among children and adolescents, travels more quickly towards the weakening of a healthy organism. The hospitalization of children with cancer awakens in the discontinuation of daily life and in the modification of their development, due, among others, to the decrease in the stimulation of neuropsychomotor components in an unknown environment. Playing is the main occupation of children and responsible for their representation of being in the world. Given its use in promoting biopsychosocial aspects of quality of life, Occupational Therapy and its performance in Pediatric Oncology becomes fundamental during the rehabilitation process, from which the present study will seek to emphasize, in play, the resignification of children's activities in illness during their hospital stay. Objective: To investigate the influence of playing on the child development of children undergoing cancer treatment in the hospital care routine. Method: This is a systematic literature review study, which used the platforms
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