Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the awareness and knowledge of periodontal disease among medical students of Bahria University Medical and Dental College (BUMDC) while treating diabetic patients. Study design and Setting: It was a cross sectional study conducted in Bahria University Medical and Dental College (BUMDC) Karachi. Methodology: This study included participants currently studying in 3rd, 4th and final year Bachelor of Medicine and Bachelor of Surgery (MBBS) in BUMDC Karachi. Questionnaire was divided into two parts, in the first part, demographic details and year of study were asked, in the second part, questions regarding diabetes mellitus and its complications were included. Total of 384 participants participated in the study and the data was statistically analyzed using responses SPSS version 23. Results: All the participants successfully completed the questionnaire so the response rate was 100% in this study. From 384 participants, 37% were male and 63% were female. The majority of the students were aged between 22-23 years. About 64.1% of respondents thought that they were aware of periodontal disease in diabetic patients whereas only 19.5% individual had knowledge of periodontitis. Also around 44% of medical students could not specify clinical manifestations in periodontitis and only 48.4% participants could state the periodontal manifestations present in diabetic mellitus. Conclusion: It is concluded from the study that medical students have very limited knowledge regarding periodontal disease and its association with diabetes mellitus. Very few medical students were informed about referring the diabetic patients to the dental surgeon.

Contemporarily, dental implant is considered as the gold standard for managing complete or partially edentulous patients. Even though with meagre rates of failure, peri-implantitis is one complication that is worth deciphering. The prevalence of peri-implantitis is reportedly increasing with time so correct diagnosis is the most important factor for proper management of peri-implant disease. Regular evaluation and elimination of risk factors (history of periodontitis, poor oral hygiene, diabetes, smoking, alcohol consumption, genetic traits, absence of keratinized mucosa and implant surface) are effective precautions against peri implantitis. The management of peri-implant mucositis is also considered as an important preventive measure for the onset of peri- implantitis. In addition to aspects of osseointegration, type and structure of the implant surface are of importance. For the treatment of peri-implant disease multiple conservative and surgical methods are available. To minimize its detrimental effects, it is important to take a holistic view of the condition. Therefore, this review gives an overview on the prevalence, etiology, risk factors, prevention and treatment of peri-implantitis.