OBJECTIVE: Was to analyze the reasons related to retreatment and extraction of endodontically treated teeth. METHODS: Data were collected consecutively during a 12-month period from data of patients who had indication for root canal retreatment or extraction of endodontically treated teeth after an initial visit. The patients were scheduled for a new consultation and the need for root canal retreatment or extraction was confirmed by three previously calibrated examiners. After that, a clinical form was completed, including data about the patient and tooth, presence of apical radiolucency, reasons for root canal retreatment or extraction, and the treatment option. The aforementioned variables related to the patients and the teeth were computed and are given as their absolute value and percentage. RESULTS: Inadequate filling was the most frequent reason (40.5%) to perform root canal retreatment; non-surgical root canal retreatment was the most frequent treatment option (95%). Failure or fracture on definitive restoration (prosthetic crown) was the most frequent reason (30%) to perform extraction of endodontically treated teeth; tooth extraction with prosthetic rehabilitation was the most frequent treatment option (78%). CONCLUSION: Inadequate filling and failure or fracture on definitive restoration associated with apical radiolucency should be taken into account during the decision-making process regarding endodontically treated teeth with questionable prognosis.Key words: Endodontically treated teeth; Retreatment; Extraction Análise das razões para retratamento e extração de dentes tratados endodonticamente: um estudo transversal RESUMO INTRODUÇÃO: Analisar razões relacionadas com retratamento e extração de dentes tratados endodonticamente. METODOLOGIA: Os dados foram coletados consecutivamente durante 12 meses a partir de pacientes que tiveram indicação para retratamento ou extração de dentes tratados endodonticamente após uma consulta inicial. Os pacientes foram agendados para uma nova consulta e a necessidade de reatratamento ou extração foi confirmada por três examinadores previamente calibrados. Em seguida, um formulário clínico foi preenchido, incluindo informações sobre o paciente e o dente acometido, presença de lesão periapical, razões para retratamento ou extração e a opção de tratatamento. As variáveis mencionadas foram computadas e descritas como valor absoluto e percentual. RESULTADOS: Obturação inadequada foi a razão mais frequente (40.5%) para realizar o retratamento endodôntico; o retratamento convencional não-cirúrgico foi a mais frequente opção de tratamento nesses casos (95%). Falha ou fratura de restaurações definitivas (coroas protéticas) foi a razão mais frequente (30%) para realizar a extração de dentes tratados endodonticamente; a reabilitação protética foi a mais frequente opção de tratamento nesses casos (78%). CONCLUSÃO: Obturação inadequada e falha ou fratura em restaurações definitivas associadas com lesão periapical devem ser levados em consideração durante o processo de tom...
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