The idea of engaging community pharmacists and nutritionists in weight management services has been well accepted by the community, as both can help to improve behavior and knowledge regarding obesity among obese patients. The aim of this study is to summarize research findings from developed and developing countries as well as from Pakistan regarding role of community pharmacists and nutritionists in obesity management. A total of 38 studies were reviewed regarding trends in obesity management. The review concluded that the role of community pharmacists and nutritionists in obesity management is not well acknowledged in most of the developing countries including Pakistan. Limited data are available on a number of nutritionists and type of services provided by them for weight management in these countries. There is urgent need to identify the barriers and gaps to further enhance the effectiveness of obesity management. Beside this intervention studies involving multi-disciplinary healthcare professionals must be designed to control current obesity crisis worldwide.
Egyptian Journal of Agronomy http://agro.journals.ekb.eg/ Review 20T HE WATER stress harshly influences the plant growth and development with considerable reductions in plant growth and biomass accumulates. It declines the number of bolls per plant, bolls weight, and seed cotton (Gossypium spp.) yield. Fiber length, fiber strength, seed index and boll weight are reduced dynamically. The relative leaf water contents, transpiration rate and leaf water potential are decreased while leaf and canopy temperature is increased under water stress conditions. Limited water availability restricts the total uptake of nutrients, thus deprecating their concentration in the plant tissues. The major effects of water stress on the plants are lowered photosynthesis stimulated by reduced leaf expansion, early leaf senescence, deteriorated photosynthetic machinery and reduction in food production.The Plant accomplishes escape from moisture stress by shortening its growing season which results in a reduction in yield. The plants cut down their water spending under water stress conditions by dercreasing the number and area of leaves to minimize the yield losses. The growth and development of tolerant genotypes are relatively fast because of retention of more moisture from soil earlier. Genes are induced by water stress, categorized into regulatory and functional genes; from them, functional genes produce functional proteins, whereas regulatory genes product regulatory proteins like transcriptional factors, they control a cluster of genes by regulating the expression of different targeted genes in their promoter region through specific binding of it with cis-acting elements. The development of stress-tolerant cotton varieties based on the stability of yield and yield components under water stress conditions should be the prime focus of breeders.
Research evaluated various nitrogen sources, and a supplementary foliar fertilizer or biochar on cabbage. It was conducted from July to October 2014 in Poncokusumo, Malang ca. 600 meters above sea level. The experiment used a randomized block design with four replications.
The present study was designed to determine the LC50 of some insecticides commonly used against Helicoverpa armigera and their comparative efficacy against the insect pest. The second instar larvae of H. armigera reared in the laboratory were selected for leaf dip bioassay. Two types of insecticides viz. conventional (deltamethrin and bifenthrin) and new chemistry (spinosad and indoxacarb) were assessed in the present studies. The results revealed that bifenthrin was more toxic to the second instar larvae of H. armigera at all the doses with lower LC50 value of 120.007 ppm as compared to deltamethrin with the highest LC50 value of 292.404 ppm. Among the new chemistry insecticides, indoxacarb proved to be more toxic than spinosad with LC50 of 5.592 ppm. LC50 of spinosad was 8.201 ppm showing 1.46 times less toxicity than indoxacarb.
Excessive use of chemical fertilizers is common for higher production of Groundnut (Arachis hypogea L.). Chemical fertilizers are costly andhave adverse effect on soil environment. Keeping in view avoidingthe side effects of chemical fertilizers, an experiment was carried out for evaluating the different organic manures to select potential organic manure for better groundnut production during 2018-19 at Groundnut Research Station Attock. The experiment was laid out in split plot design with three replications, fivetreatments consisted of different organic and inorganic fertilizers i.e. T1 (FYM @7.5t/ha), T2 (PM @05t/ha), T3 (NPK @30:80:30 kg/ha), T4 (Vermicompost@ 2.5t/ha) and T5 control (zero fertilizer). Nutrients use efficiency, quality and yield components were recorded. The study revealed that organic manure can enhance the production and quality of Ground nut for replacing the chemical fertilizer. Poultry manure @ 05t/ha significantly produced higher yield (4203 kg/ha), shelling% (71%), 100 seed weight (72.66 g), plant height (31.66 cm), pods/plant(58.00), oil content (42.86%), protein(28.60%) during both the years over rest of treatments. Similarly FYM and vermicompost had better results than the NPK. Therefore it is recommended that poultry manure @05t/ha can improve groundnut yield under pothohar conditions of Pakistan.
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