The 2nd century A.D. Roman annexation of the Nabataean Kingdom may have resulted in significant settlement disruption. Here we investigate the possibility that political refugees occupied Khirbet edh-Dharih after Roman takeover, using strontium isotope analysis of archaeological human dental enamel. We additionally discuss regional patterning of 87 Sr/ 86 Sr in western Jordan based on archaeological faunal dental enamel samples to understand strontium isotope spatial heterogeneity and to facilitate interpretation of the Dharih results. Strontium isotope analysis of small mammal dentition varied as expected based on bedrock geology, but small faunal sample sizes did not accurately reflect the broad range of biologically available strontium at Dharih. Only one person at Khirbet edh-Dharh appears to be non-local based on isotopic data. The status of the remaining individuals is unclear, as they could have originated from Dharih or the Nabataean capital city of Petra. Incorporating modern fauna and soil samples to establish the local value may assist in characterizing the local strontium in a geologically complex area such as Dharih. Futhermore, future analysis of elemental strontium to assess dietary composition and diagenetic contamination would facilitate interpretation of the strontium sources in the Dharih individuals.
The excavation of tomb IGN 117 in Madâ’in Sâlih, ancient Hegra, in Saudi Arabia, produced a large amount of bones, objects and materials (leather, fabric, fruit, wood, amorphous organic substances) of the Nabataean‐Roman period (first to early fourth century AD). Two pieces of fabric and leather are of particular interest because they contained pierced dates (Phoenix dactylifera) strung together using date‐palm leaflets. These exceptional discoveries are poorly attested in Near Eastern funerary contexts. Together with other data from Madâ’in Sâlih, the southern Near East and Egypt, this interdisciplinary analysis leads to the reconstruction of part of the funerary practices related to the preservation and preparation of the body that occurred in tomb IGN 117. Finally, the analysis allows the questioning of the symbolic role of plant jewellery and the date palm in a funerary context.
ThèSeS / thesis Du monde des vivants au monde des morts en Nabatène, entre le ii e siècle av. J.-C. et le vi e siècle ap. J.-C. : approche archéoanthropologique des tombes de Khirbet edh-Dharih, Pétra (Jordanie) et de Madâ'in Sâlih (Arabie Saoudite) From the world of the living to the world of the dead in Nabate, from the second century B.C to the fourth century A.C: an archaeo-anthropological approach to the tombs of Khirbet edh-Dharih, Petra (Jordan) and Madâ'in Sâlih (Saudi Arabia) N. Delhopital Résumé Le doctorat « Du monde des vivants au monde des morts en Nabatène, entre le ii e siècle av. J.-C. et le vi e siècle ap. J.-C. : approche archéoanthropologique des tombes de Khirbet edh-Dharih, Pétra (Jordanie) et de Madâ'in Sâlih (Arabie Saoudite) » porte sur les pratiques funéraires des Nabatéens. Les Nabatéens sont une ancienne peuplade du nord-ouest de l'Arabie qui a connu la prospérité entre le i er siècle av. et le i er siècle ap. J.-C. Jusqu'à présent, les pratiques funéraires étaient principalement connues à travers l'architecture et l'épigraphie des tombes. L'étude archéoanthropologique, réalisée sur trois sites nabatée ! ns (Khirbet edh-Dharih et Pétra en Jordanie et Madâ'in Sâlih en Arabie Saoudite), a permis d'apporter de nouvelles informations sur les pratiques funéraires des Nabatéens. Pour chaque site, une analyse anthropologique incorporant divers aspects (morpho ! métrie, variations anatomiques, indicateurs de stress et autres pathologies) a été conduite afin de contribuer à la définition de l'identité biologique des groupes humains inhumés. Les trois sites retenus permettent de confronter les informations issues d'un village, Dharih, à celles de deux des villes les plus importantes du royaume nabatéen, Pétra et Madâ'in Sâlih. Cette étude conduite à l'interface du biologique et du culturel apporte un éclairage nouveau sur les populations nabatéennes, et elle autorise pour la première fois une comparaison large, à la fois inter-! et intrasites. L'effectif total étudié comprend 234 individus, dont 164 adultes et 70 sujets immatures. Parmi les adultes, 28 hommes et 22 femmes ont été identifiés. Les sépultures, qui ont été analysées, sont primaires. elles peuvent être individuelles, collectives, multiples ou plurielles. Les pratiques funéraires des Nabatéens étaient homogènes au sein d'un ensemble funéraire, mais pouvaient diverger d'un site à l'autre quant au mobilier funéraire, la position des corps, etc. Pour la première fois, des momifications vraisembla blement intentionnelles sont mises en évidence à Madâ'in Sâlih.Mots clés Nabatéen · Pratiques funéraires · Archéo anthro pologie · Khirbet edh-Dharih · Pétra · Madâ'in Sâlih Abstract The PhD dissertation "From the world of the living to the world of dead in Nabate, from the second century B.C. to the fourth century A.C.: an archaeo-anthropological approach to the tombs of Khirbet edh-Dharih, Petra (Jordan) and Madâ'in Sâlih (Saudi Arabia)" focuses on Nabatean burial practices. The Nabateans prospered in north-west Arabia between the 1 st century ...
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