Starting from neurobiological hypotheses on the existence of place cells (PC) in the brain, the aim of this article is to show how little assumptions at both individual and social levels can lead to the emergence of non-trivial global behaviors in a multi-agent system (MAS). In particular, we show that adding a simple, hebbian learning mechanism on a cognitive map allows autonomous, situated agents to adapt themselves in a dynamically changing environment, and that even using simple agent-following strategies (driven either by similarities in the agent movement, or by individual marks - “signatures” - in agents) can dramatically improve the global performance of the MAS, in terms of survival rate of the agents. Moreover, we show that analogies can be made between such a MAS and the emergence of certain social behaviors.
This paper seeks to explain the location of garbage dumps. It is assumed that two countervailing forces have a part to play in the location of garbage dumps: (1) the costs of garbage transport; and (2) the desire of town dwellers for dumping to occur as far from their homes as possible. The siting of garbage dumps shows how those conflicting forces have been managed. Our empirical investigation is based on data from the Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur region in the 1980s. A probabilistic model of distances between town centres and garbage dumps is assembled from one town/one dump data. The cases in which two or more towns share dumps are then considered. Cet article cherche à examiner la localisation des décharges. On suppose que deux forces compensatrices jouent un rôle dans la localisation des décharges: (1) les frais de transport des ordures; et (2) le point de vue des habitants qui favorisent la localisation de la décharge bien au-delà du foyer. La localisation des décharges démontre comment ces deux forces contradictoires ont été traitées. L'analyse empirique est fondée sur des données provenant de la région Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur aux années 1980. Un modèle probabiliste des distances entre les centres-villes et les décharges est construit à partir des données relatives à une ville/une décharge. Il s'ensuit un examen des situations où deux villes ou plus partagent une décharge. Dieser Aufsatz versucht, den Standort von Müllkippen zu erklären. Es wird angnommen, daß zwei einander zuwider laufende Interessen bei der Standortwahl von Müllablagen eine Rolle spielen: (1) die Kosten des Mülltransports; und (2) der Wunsch der Städter, die Müllkippe so weit wie möglich von ihren Wohnhäusern entfernt anzulegen. Die Anlage von Mülldeponien zeigt, wie diese widersprüchlichen Interessen vereinbart worden sind. Die empirische Untersuchung stützt sich auf Daten der achtziger Jahre von der Region Provence-Alps-Cote d'Azur. Ein Wahrscheinlichkeitsmodell der Entfernungen zwischen Stadtzentren und Mülldeponien wird mit Hilfe von Daten für eine Stadt/eine Müllablage zusammengestellt. Danach werden Fälle behandelt, in denen zwei oder mehr Städte Mülldeponien gemeinsam benutzen.Location Of Garbage Dumps Countervailing Forces Probabilistic Model,
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