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Arch Dis Child 2012;97(Suppl 2):A1-A539 A521Abstracts difference was not observed in mice received caffeine. These data are consistent with our previous findings that hENT1 Tg mice have reduced basal adenosine levels and reduced ischemia evoked increases in adenosine as compared to Wt mice.

Objectives To disseminate knowledge of social and behavioral factors influencing exclusive breastfeeding to guide national nutrition programs in West and Central Africa. Methods We searched literature up to August 2018 using pre-defined search terms on PubMed, Google Scholar, Popline and The Cochrane Library. We identified 225 references, representing 19 of the 24 countries in West and Central Africa. Most were from Nigeria (n = 108) and Ghana (n = 45). We used thematic content analysis to synthesize quantitative and qualitative findings separately. Results Factors influencing exclusive breastfeeding in first 6 months of life were divided into individual, setting and structural levels using the 2016 Lancet conceptual model. Socio-economic attributes, perceptions, beliefs and mother-infant interactions were important at the individual level. Misconceptions around breastmilk's quality and availability (quantity) were factors that influenced mothers to give infants water or other liquids. At the setting level, women's autonomy and grandmothers influenced infant feeding decisions in many families. At the structural level, work was an obstacle to achieving exclusive breastfeeding for women in both formal and informal sectors. Social norms generally supported breastfeeding; however, exclusive breastfeeding was challenged by multiple beliefs, including that giving water quenches thirst and “water is life”. Conclusions This work provided a comprehensive review of peer-reviewed and grey literature on the “Factors Influencing the Practice of Exclusive Breastfeeding and Giving Water in West and Central Africa”. The review provides insights on facilitators as well as the many reasons preventing exclusive breastfeeding and provided evidence for the Stronger With Breastmilk Only regional initiative. Disseminating this knowledge among government stakeholders and their partners will mobilize action to achieve the exclusive breastfeeding WHA 2025 and SDG 2030 targets in the subregion, where only one-third of infants (0–5 months) receive breastmilk only (UNICEF, 2021). Funding Sources Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation through Alive & Thrive, managed by FHI Solutions, and UNICEF, West and Central Africa RISING Initiative.

Objectives An increasing trend in consumption of fast food and high amounts of added sugars among adolescents has left most lower- and middle-income countries facing a double burden of malnutrition. Since behaviors around food and physical activity are established during adolescence, the aim of the study was to document and disseminate the nutrition practices and status among adolescents in Burkina Faso who represent 23.1% of the nation's population. Methods The study used pooled data, of 2,432 non-pregnant adolescent girls, from the Performance Monitoring and Accountability (PMA 2020) nutrition surveys conducted in Burkina Faso in 2017 and 2018. We looked at three nutritional outcomes: dietary diversity, consumption of added sugars on the previous day, and the mid-upper-arm circumference (MUAC) < 16cm (a proxy indicator for severe malnutrition among adolescents). Bivariate analysis and multivariate logistic regression were conducted. Results Minimum dietary diversity of 24.9%; consumption of added sugars of 36.7%; and prevalence of MUAC < 16 cm of 15.7% were observed among adolescents. Dietary diversity amongst adolescents was highest in the Centre region (43.5%) and lowest in the regional cluster of Sahel/Centre Nord/Nord (10.8%) and region remained an important predictor in multivariate analysis too. Added sugar consumption was 65% more likely for adolescents from the wealthiest households and almost three times higher for adolescents who had achieved minimum dietary diversity. MUAC < 16cm was lower among the 15–19 age group and 1.7 times more likely among adolescents who consumed an unhealthy food or drink the previous day, but half as likely among adolescents with dietary diversity. Conclusions Our findings showed a strong association between high dietary diversity and unhealthy food intake namely added sugar consumption. This is an important consideration for policy makers as they design adolescent nutrition programs to reduce malnutrition. Given that nutrition behaviors and habits are developed by early adolescence, designing nutrition interventions for school-age children should be promoted as a public health strategy. Tailored strategies with regional targeting, particularly for urban areas, are recommended. Funding Sources Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation through Alive & Thrive, managed by FHI Solutions.