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Previous studies assessed elite athletes’ return to sport (RTS) after hip arthroscopy, but few investigated a cohort including athletes from all levels of sport. This study compared athletes who returned to sport to those who did not, based on four patient-reported outcome (PRO) scores, including the Hip Outcome Score—Sports Specific Subscale (HOS-SSS). Between September 2008 and April 2012, hip arthroscopies were performed on 157 patients (168 hips) who reported playing a sport preoperatively and indicated their level of sports activity post-operatively. Two-year follow-up was available for 148 (94%) amateur and professional athletes with a total of 158 hips. Of these 60 cases (65 hips) did not return to sports (NRTS) and were in the NRTS group. The remaining 88 cases (93 hips) constituted the RTS group. The modified Harris Hip Score, Non-Arthric Hip Score, Hip Outcome-Activities of Daily Living (HOS-ADL), and HOS-SSS were used to assess outcomes. The HOS-SSS was used to assess specific sport-related movement. Both groups demonstrated significant improvement at 2 years post-operatively in visual analog score and four PRO scores (P < 0.001). There was no significant preoperative differences in HOS-SSS scores between groups; however, the RTS group had significantly higher HOS-SSS scores at 1 and 2 years post-surgery. Post-operatively, the RTS group had significantly better ability to jump, land from a jump, stop quickly and perform cutting/lateral movements (P < 0.05). In summary, patients who indicated RTSs demonstrated significantly higher PRO scores and abilities to perform several sport-related movements, compared with patients who did not.

Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitors have proven to be successful agents in inducing synthetic lethality in several malignancies. Several PARP inhibitors have reached clinical trial testing for treatment in different cancers, and, recently, Olaparib (AZD2281) has gained both United States Food and Drug Administration (USFDA) and the European Commission (EC) approval for use in BRCA-mutated advanced ovarian cancer treatment. The need to identify biomarkers, their interactions in DNA damage repair pathways, and their potential utility in identifying patients who are candidates for PARP inhibitor treatment is well recognized. In this review, we detail many of the biomarkers that have been investigated for their ability to predict both PARP inhibitor sensitivity and resistance in preclinical studies as well as the results of several clinical trials that have tested the safety and efficacy of different PARP inhibitor agents in BRCA and non-BRCA-mutated cancers.

Hip arthroscopy is a minimally invasive surgical technique often performed in athletes who want an expeditious return to sport. To the authors' knowledge, no studies in the literature provide a time frame or criteria for return to sport after hip arthroscopy. The purpose of this study was to develop an aggregate recommendation for return to sport after hip arthroscopy based on data assimilated from high-volume hip arthroscopy centers. Twenty-seven orthopedic surgeons from high-volume hip arthroscopy centers completed a survey regarding return to sport after hip arthroscopy. The questionnaire asked surgeons to give a time frame for return to sport and to choose meaningful criteria that an athlete must meet prior to return to sport. Surgeons were asked to categorize various common sports as high, medium, or low risk with regard to the hip. The aggregate results were used to create standardized recommendations for time, criteria, and risk for return to competitive sports. Regarding time frame for return to sport, 70% of surgeons recommended 12 to 20 weeks. In addressing criteria for return to sport, 85% of surgeons recommended that patients need to be able to reproduce all motions involved in their sport without pain. A majority of surgeons recommended criteria of pain-free running, jumping, lateral agility drills, and single-leg squats. Finally, surgeons categorized sports requiring the most movement and impact of the hip joint (football, basketball, wrestling, and martial arts) as high-risk sports. Sports with less impact on the hip, such as golf, were ranked as low risk.

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