As same-sex couples gain greater social acceptance and new rights, their numbers in the United States are rapidly increasing. Yet few researchers have studied immigrants in same-sex couples on a large scale. Using the American Community Survey from 2008 to 2019, this study compares immigrants in same-sex couples to corresponding different-sex couples in order to characterize and assess the scale of “sexual migration” to the U.S. Moreover, we evaluate how the policy environment regarding same-sex couples shapes migratory patterns. We find that, compared to different-sex immigrant couples, immigrants in same-sex couples come from richer, more democratic countries that are less represented in immigrant networks. Fixed effects models show that as origin countries become more LGBT-friendly, we see more LGB immigrants from those countries in the U.S. On the individual level, immigrants in same-sex couples are more likely to live in progressive U.S. states, an effect that increases in strength as migrants come from for more LGBT-friendly countries of origin. Our findings put into question dominant models of migration that emphasize economic and network effects, suggesting the importance of considering sexuality as well as political and lifestyle motivations more broadly.

Although numerous studies have described the educational attainment of ethnic minorities in the UK , few have focused specifically on children born in the UK to two immigrant parents. First, using ordinary least squares (OLS ) estimation, this article examines the cognitive assessment scores of children of immigrants in the 1970 British Cohort Study (BCS 70) and the Millennium Cohort Study (MCS ). It then exploits the richer data of the MCS to construct multilevel models for children of immigrants in this more recent cohort. In the BCS 70, children of immigrants show significant gaps at ages 5 and 10 in both reading and maths scores. Even when controls are included in the OLS model for the BCS 70, children of Caribbean immigrants are expected to perform worse in both assessments. In the raw MCS data, on the other hand, nearly no gap remains in age‐11 and ‐14 assessments. Although Bangladeshi children of immigrants in the MCS have negative coefficients in the OLS analysis, in the final multilevel model for the MCS , all children of immigrants follow positive trajectories wherein no group attains distinguishably lower scores than their peers in later assessments, and Indian children of immigrants even outperform their peers in the MCS model's predictions.

Millions of migrants from Eastern Europe have sought better opportunities in Western European countries, yet few studies have assessed the impact of such moves on these migrants' children. This study implements a causal inference design relying on propensity score matching in order to isolate a causal effect of migration on children’s educational outcomes. It analyzes PISA test scores from 2012, 2015, and 2018 for children born in twelve Eastern European countries and living in eight Western European countries. Compared to their counterparts who remained in their countries of origin, migrants score lower. Once immigrant children are matched to non-immigrants with similar propensities to migrate -- estimated based on family and socioeconomic background -- the disparity for math scores disappears, while those for reading and science remain. In addition, children who migrate from within the EU, at older ages, and who are female face greater disparities.

After the U.S. Supreme Court struck down the Defense of Marriage Act (DOMA) in 2013, same-sex partners of U.S. citizens became eligible for spousal visas. Since then, the U.S. has a seen a rapid rise in same-sex, mixed-citizenship couples. However, this effect varies greatly depending on the LGB policy context of the non-citizen's country of origin. Using waves 2008 to 2019 of the American Community Survey, this study employs a triple-difference design to examine how the policy environment of the origin country moderates the effect of the end of DOMA. Quasi-Poisson models with two-way fixed effects show that, after 2013, individuals in mixed-citizenship, same-sex couples couples coming from countries with progressive LGB policy saw a more than 60-percent increase in incidence relative to those in different-sex or same-citizenship couples. Meanwhile, those from countries with regressive laws experienced no significant increase. These results are corroborated by analyses of individual policies. We argue that the country-of-origin policy context impacts and is impacted by local norms and attitudes as well as individuals' material circumstances. This nexus of factors leaves a lasting impact on immigrants that shapes migration decisions and responses to policy shifts.

Children of return migrants now constitute a large population globally, and yet we know little about their academic outcomes. This paper uses PISA test score data for 2012, 2015, and 2018 to characterize the academic achievement of foreign-born children of 3,480 return migrants in 72 birth countries and 43 countries of residence. It compares them to non-immigrants in their parents’ origin country as well as counterparts in children’s birth countries. Using meta-analytic and fixed effects models, it also examines how policies and features of countries are associated with outcomes. Results show that, on average, these children obtain lower PISA scores than local children in their parents' countries of birth as well as children of similar migrants in their countries of birth. However, results vary greatly by country. Children of return migrant groups with greater resources appear better able to excel academically.