BackgroundThe purpose of the study was to compare the histopathologic and immunophenotypic features of central centrifugal cicatricial alopecia (CCCA) and lichen planopilaris (LPP) to better characterize and differentiate these two clinical entities. CCCA remains an ill‐defined and still‐unsettled histologic entity and many hair loss experts regard CCCA to be histologically indistinguishable from LPP. Given the overlapping histologic features of these two lymphocyte‐predominant cicatricial alopecias, and the lack of consensus regarding the significance of proposed distinctions, dermatopathologists face difficulty in providing clinicians and patients certainty with a definitive diagnosis of CCCA vs LPP.MethodsWe performed a retrospective review of 51 scalp biopsies of patients with either the clinical diagnosis of CCCA (27 cases) or LPP (24 cases). Clinical information, histologic features of hematoxylin‐eosin‐stained sections, and a panel of immunohistochemical markers were evaluated on scalp biopsies. Tested parameters were quantified, and statistical analysis was performed.ResultsOur study found no differences on either histologic assessment or immunophenotypic characterization between cases of classic LPP and CCCA.ConclusionThe conclusion of this study is that the inflammatory infiltrates in CCCA and LPP are not only histologically similar but also immunophenotypically indistinguishable.

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The KC-46A Pegasus, a Boeing 767 (B767) commercial derivative aircraft (CDA), is a key part of the United States Air Force’s (USAF) efforts to modernize their aging tanker fleet. The Department of Defense (DoD) and the USAF have heavily emphasized the desire and need for Condition-Based Maintenance Plus (CBM+) to improve aircraft maintenance programs such as the KC-46A. This study reviews existing CBM+ practices on B767 and related aircraft fleets at Delta Air Lines to identify initial steps for implementing CBM+ in the KC-46 maintenance program. Specifically, comparative vacuum monitoring (CVM) sensors are proposed for KC-46A structural health monitoring (SHM) as a Federal Aviation Administration (FAA)-certified CBM+ technology. As demonstrated at Delta Air Lines Technical Operations (Delta TechOps), CVM sensors satisfy the technological, procedural, financial, and regulatory requirements to advance KC-46A SHM and serve as a template for future CBM+ initiatives.

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