Modern orthodontic treatment ensures optimal functional and aesthetic results but does not exclude the risk of various complications, including external or internal resorption of tooth roots. One of the causes of root resorption is the impact of orthodontic forces during treatment with both non-removable (brace-system) and removable (aligners) appliances. The aforementioned complication of the treatment of occlusal anomalies, which occurs with a fairly high frequency, potentially threatens not only the patient's health but also complicates the treatment outcomes and worsens the prognosis. The lack of pathognomonic symptoms of root resorption increases the difficulty of an accurate diagnosis. According to the literature, the issue of root resorption is very relevant in clinical dentistry but has not been studied in detail, and contradictory opinions can be found.

Modern orthodontic treatment ensures optimal functional and aesthetic results, but does not exclude the risk of various complications, including external or internal resorption of tooth roots. One of the causes of root resorption is the impact of orthodontic forces during treatment with both non-removable (brace-system) and removable (aligners) appliances. The aforementioned complication of the treatment of occlusal anomalies, which occurs with a fairly high frequency, potentially threatens not only the patient's health, but also complicates the treatment outcomes and worsens the prognosis. The lack of pathognomonic symptoms of root resorption increases the difficulty of an accurate diagnosis. According to the literature, the issue of root resorption is very relevant in clinical dentistry but has not been studied in detail, and contradictory opinions can be found.

Modern orthodontic treatment ensures optimal functional and aesthetic results, but does not exclude the risk of various complications, including external or internal resorption of tooth roots. One of the causes of root resorption is the impact of orthodontic forces during treatment with both non-removable (brace-system) and removable (aligners) appliances. The aforementioned complication of the treatment of occlusal anomalies, which occurs with a fairly high frequency, potentially threatens not only the patient's health, but also complicates the treatment outcomes and worsens the prognosis. The lack of pathognomonic symptoms of root resorption increases the difficulty of an accurate diagnosis. According to the literature, the issue of root resorption is very relevant in clinical dentistry but has not been studied in detail, and contradictory opinions can be found.

The Congregation of the Immaculate Conception established in 1861 in Istanbul is a milestone in the history of Georgian Catholics. It played a significant role in the construction and maintenance of a Georgian Catholic identity. The founders and members of the Congregation managed to establish themselves as a distinct Catholic community with their traditional rite and native liturgical language. With their ideas and activities, the friars of the Congregation rebuffed those who thought that their Georgianness was compromised by their Catholicism. This article argues that in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries they formed a branch of the Georgian nationalism contributing to the consolidation of the nation.

No abstract