Merger and Acquisition had been the most popular means of inorganic expansion of companies over the years. It is extensively used for restructuring the business organizations. Companies undertake mergers and acquisitions based on strategic business motivations that are, in principal, economic in nature. This research study attempts to evaluate the impact of pre and post financial performance of the acquirer companies. This will be done by comparing the pre-merger and post-merger performance of the acquirer company in selected M & A deals in India in two periods-2007-2008 (selected due to 2008 global financial crisis) and 2012-2013 (Many deals rose after 2010 and then again in 2012-2013) using select financial ratios and paired t test at 5% significance.

Pledging of shares works in a similar manner, i.e., instead of a house, shares of a listed company are pledged. Anybody who owns shares of a public company can pledge the same and obtain a loan. However, investors need to take notice of the same when promoters of the company are pledging their holdings. Pledging of shares is one of the options that the promoters of companies use to secure loans to meet working capital requirement, personal needs and fund other ventures or acquisitions. In case promoters fail to make up for the difference, lenders can sell the shares in the open market to recover the money. Hence, to understand effect of promoters shares pledging on share price Study is being undertaken.

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