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The use of active packaging has attracted considerable attention over recent years to prevent and decrease the risk of bacterial and viral infection. Thus, this work aims to develop active packaging using a paper coated with green-synthesized silver nanoparticles (AgNPs). Effects of different silver nitrate (AgNO 3 ) concentrations, viz. 50, 100, 150, and 200 mM (AgNPs-50, AgNPs-100, AgNPs-150, and AgNPs-200, respectively), on green synthesis of AgNPs and coated paper properties were investigated. A bio-reducing agent from mangosteen peel extract (ex-Garcinia mangostana (GM)) and citric acid as a crosslinking agent for a starch/polyvinyl alcohol matrix were also used in the synthetic process. The presence of AgNPs, ex-GM, and citric acid indicated the required synergistic antibacterial activities for gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. The paper coated with AgNPs-150 showed complete inactivation of virus within 1 min. Water resistance and tensile strength of paper improved when being coated with AgNPs-150. The tensile strength of the coated paper was found to be in the same range as that of a common packaging paper. Result revealed that the obtained paper coated with AgNPs was proven to be effective in antibacterial and antiviral activities; hence, it could be used as an active packaging material for items that require manual handling by a number of people.

To avoid bacterial and viral infections on food products, the use of antibacterial and antiviral packaging offers great benefit to the food industry. In this study, the coating of paper packaging with silver-decorated magnetic particles (Ag@Fe 3 O 4 ) was developed. The Ag@Fe 3 O 4 was prepared by a facile and environmentally friendly method using extracted spent coffee grounds (ex-SCG). The effects of Ag@Fe 3 O 4 content on properties of coated paper were investigated. The overall properties of coated paper improved when the Ag@Fe 3 O 4 content increased up to 0.15%w/v. An increase in tensile strength of 154.01% and a decrease in water vapor permeability of 48.50% were found in coated paper with 0.15%w/v Ag@Fe 3 O 4 . Furthermore, the coated paper also exhibited the synergistic effect on antibacterial activities against Escherichia coli ( E. coli ) and Staphylococcus aureus ( S. aureus ). The release of metal ions in food simulants and kinetic release parameters were also studied. The release of silver ions and ferrous ions in food simulants met the requirement of overall migration limit of the European Standard. The paper coated with 0.15%w/v Ag@Fe 3 O 4 had better capabilities to maintain quality and extend shelf-life of tomatoes. The obtained Ag@Fe 3 O 4 coated paper is promising for bioactive food packaging to retain food freshness. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s10570-022-04636-0.

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