BackgroundThe rate of young Japanese women attending Cervical Cancer screenings is still low. There is a lack of studies that discussed awareness, preference, and anxiety of women to HPV self-sampling. The aim was to clarify the awareness of young women who want and do not want HPV self-sampling toward improvement the rate of attending Cervical Cancer screenings.Methods We carried out the observation study by self-administered questionnaires about the awareness of HPV self-sampling with the trial in a city, in Hokkaido, Japan. The subjects were selected at random to 25-29 years old women (837 persons) residing in a city. We compared their awareness between want and do not want self-sampling. For data analysis, statistical analysis software SPSS for Windows Ver.21 was used setting the significance level at below 5%.ResultsYoung women in this study who firstly responded wanting practice of self-sampling were 9.8%, and not wanting in were 90.2%. The reasons of young women that want self-sampling were “Free self-sampling supported from the city”, “I can do it in my own time”, and “I have experience of sexual intercourse”. In contrast, the reasons of do not want self-sampling were “I have no symptom”, and “I am anxious about doing the test by myself”. The awareness of HPV self-sampling was low with all subjects, and they have few the general knowledge of Cervical Cancer. ConclusionThere is a possibility to increase the number of young women who want self-sampling by using an HPV self-sampling trial of the opt-in method that also considers the emotions of the women. Young Japanese women who do not want self-sampling, tend to have a fear and anxiety toward self-sampling, in contrast, many of the women who conducted self-sampling prefer it. This study suggests the need of new practical education for self-sampling, including HPV infection, and Cervical Cancer prevention performed by clinicians, nurses and midwives.