With the help of various image editing tools available, it has become easier to alter an image in such a way that it does not leave behind any clues. Copy -Move forgery is a type of image forgery in which a part of digital image is copied and pasted to another part of same image. Since the copied and pasted image comes from the same image, it becomes difficult to detect the forgery. Generally the intention behind CopyMove forgery is to hide important objects in an image. In this paper, an orthogonal wavelet transform based forgery detection method is proposed. Orthogonal wavelet transform is generated from basic orthogonal transforms. We consider generating Discrete Cosine Transform Wavelet (DCTW) transform and Walsh Wavelet (WW) transform from DCT and Walsh orthogonal transforms. The image is divided into overlapping blocks. On each block, DCTW and WW transforms are applied. From each block discriminative features are extracted from coefficients. These feature vectors are lexicographically sorted and block matching step is applied to find duplicated blocks.

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Data collection mechanisms have become effectively advanced by leveraging the internet of things and cyber physical systems. The sensors are heavily developed with intricate details to capture data in varied forms which can be stored and used as an information base for knowledge extraction using analytics and statistical prognostication in artificial intelligence sub-branches. Storing this data with a different approach that ensures stringent security measures is done using blockchain. The loopholes that compromise the security of blockchain are quantum computing for which quantum resistant blockchain ideas are discussed. This chapter finally sheds some light on the effective approach to implement the CPS 4.0-based blockchain mechanism with detailed scrutiny.

With the help of various image editing tools available, it has become easier to alter an image in such a way that it does not leave behind any clues. Copy-Move forgery or also known as Region Duplication Forgery is a type of image forgery in which a part of digital image is copied and pasted to another part of same image. Since the copied and pasted image comes from the same image, it becomes difficult to detect the forgery. Generally the intention behind Copy-Move forgery is to hide important objects in an image. In this paper, a hybrid wavelet transform based forgery detection method is proposed. Hybrid Wavelet transforms is generated from basic orthogonal transforms. Hybrid wavelet transforms combines other orthogonal transforms such as hybrid of Discrete Cosine Transform (DCT), Walsh Transform. Both DCT and Walsh transforms are orthogonal. They can be used to generate Hybrid Wavelet Transform. This paper proposes generating a Hybrid Wavelet Transform (DCT-Walsh Hybrid Wavelet Transform) from DCT and Walsh transforms and used to detect copy-move forgery. The image is divided into overlapping blocks. On each block, DCT-Walsh Hybrid wavelet transform is applied. From each block discriminative features are extracted from coefficients. These feature vectors are lexicographically sorted and block matching step is applied to find duplicated blocks.