ObjectivesLymphedema is sometimes accompanied by high degrees of anxiety and depression. This study aimed to assess the effects of relaxation techniques on the level of edema, anxiety and depression in women undergoing Comprehensive Decongestive Therapy (CDT).DesignThis clinical trial compared two treatment methods in 31 women with post-mastectomy lymphedema, including 15 cases who received CDT and 16 who received RCDT (Relaxation plus CDT). The edema volume, anxiety and depression scores were compared at the first and last sessions of the first phase of the treatment and six weeks afterwards.ResultsThe edema, anxiety and depression scores were 63.6%, 54.1% and 65.5% in the RCDT group and 60.7%, 31.4% and 35.2% in the CDT group. There were significant differences between the two groups in terms of the reduction in depression (p = 0.024) and anxiety (p = 0.011) scores throughout the study. This significant relationship was due to the differences in the depression score in the 3rd and 9th weeks of the study between the two groups. Similarly, anxiety levels differed significantly between the two groups at the 9th week of the study (P = 0.013).ConclusionRelaxation techniques reduced the anxiety and depression scores and the volume of edema in the patients with lymphedema. The addition of this intervention to the therapeutic package for lymphedema patients requires further studies in terms of cost-effectiveness.

Introduction The purpose of this study was to translate and cross-culturally adapt the original Sensory Profile 2 questionnaires to Persian and access the psychometric properties of the adapted questionnaires. Method The translation and cultural adaptation of the original questionnaires were carried out under the published guidelines. Furthermore, we employed the multiple methods to establish the validity and reliability of the Sensory Profile 2 questionnaires. We calculated the content validity, internal consistency, and test–retest, along with the standard error of measurement. The study included 1272 children, between 0 and 14 years old, without any disabilities. They were selected from child developmental centers and elementary and middle schools of Tehran, the capital of the Islamic Republic of Iran. Results The item-level content validity index and the scale-level were satisfactory for all the items, quadrant, section, and factor of the Sensory Profile 2. The values of alpha for all questionnaires were ranged from 0.67 to 0.91. Furthermore, the test–retest reliability values for all questionnaires ranged from 0.72 to 0.95. Conclusions The Sensory Profile 2-Persian version can considered as a valid and reliable tool for utilization in Persian-speaking children between 0 and 14 years old.

Background: The recognition of problems occurring with ADHD comorbid disorders can largely facilitate their diagnosis and treatment. Objectives: The present study aims to compare the visual perception skills of 7-12-year-old children with or without dyslexia who have ADHD. Methods: This is a descriptive-comparative study that encompasses a statistical population of 7-12-year-old children with ADHD in Iran who were convenience-sampled in Tehran's therapeutic centers in 1394. The groups completed visual perception skills tests and the results were compared by independent T-test. Results: The results of the independent T-test demonstrate that the children with ADHD but without dyslexia had better form constancy, visual discrimination, visual closure, visual-spatial relationship, visual sequential memory, visual memory, and figure ground discrimination (P < 0.01). Conclusions: Due to the difficulties suffered by children with ADHD and dyslexia, we recommend early diagnosis, medical screening, and use of suitable therapeutic methods to identify and minimize the number of children exposed to the high risks of undiagnosed ADHD and dyslexia.

Background: Studies indicate that balance disorder, motor development problems, and weak postural control are likely to occur in children with severe to profound hearing deficits. Children with hearing deficits also indicate behavioral problems related to impulse control, distraction, and disability to maintain attention in the visual modality. Objectives: The present study, therefore, aimed to investigate the effect of balance exercises on balance performance, motor coordination, and attention in children with hearing deficits. Methods: In this experimental study, 36 children aged 7 to 12 years with severe to profound hearing deficits were randomly divided into two control and experimental groups using permuted block randomization. The experimental group performed a 12-session balance and vestibular sensory, motor exercise program. Assessments were performed as pretest and posttest by four subtests of the Bruininks-Oseretsky test of Motor Proficiency and Continuous Performance test. Then, the mean scores were compared between the pretest and posttest phases and between control and experimental groups by the paired t-test, Wilcoxon signed-rank test, twosample t-test, and Mann-Whitney U test. Results: The results indicated a significant difference between the control and experimental groups in the pretest and posttest scores of balance (P = 0.000), upper limb coordination (P = 0.000), bilateral coordination (P = 0.004), and visual-motor control (P = 0.023) subtests of Bruininks-Oseretsky test and Continuous Performance test (P = 0.017) in children with hearing deficits. Conclusions: Balance training including vestibular sensory and motor exercise program can simultaneously affect balance performance, motor coordination, and attention in children with hearing deficits.