No abstract

This study examines the educational and psychological need for learning English and understands various anxieties. The first section, a literature review, examines the theoretical underpinnings of educational and psychological needs for English language learning and anxiety. An important subject running through this research is how anxiety plays a role in English language learning. On either hand, a student’s psychological state can affect the learning of the English language. A psychological factor focuses on the emotional or spiritual components of a student’s learning. In English as a foreign language-learning setting, the four essential psychological needs as stated in self-determination theory (i.e., autonomy, competence, relatedness, and novelty) are met. The major goal of this study was achieved using a quantitative technique. A mixed methodology was selected, which comprises both quantitative and qualitative methods for this research. A total of 70 enrolled students in the English language took part in this study. It has been identified that students in this study reportedly found it hard to talk in EFL classrooms, because of the anxiety. It shows that foreign language anxiety still has an important amount of power in explaining language achievement. It is found that education and psychological needs motivate students to learn the English language. The data also indicated that nearly all psychological elements are interconnected and have a significant impact on the students’ speaking performance in the context.

Listening and reading skills, which are two of the essential skills in the world of language learning, have established themselves in various academic fields. Many researchers have looked at teaching and developing these two receptive abilities, but less focus has been paid to assessing and testing them. Traditional evaluation has been used to examine learners for a long time, but new teaching methods should introduce new ways to test and assess students. This study attempted to investigate the impact of dynamic assessment (DA) vs. nondynamic assessment (NDA) on Ethiopian intermediate EFL learners’ receptive abilities, which was conceptually grounded by Vygotsky’s (1978) socio-cultural theory (SCT). To this end, 96 intermediate students from a high school participated in this study. Then, they were divided into three equal groups: two experimental groups (EG1 and EG2) and one control group (CG). After administering a pretest, the EG1 and EG2 were taught listening and reading skills through group dynamic assessment, and the control group received traditional instruction. After the treatment, a posttest was administered. The results of one-way ANCOVA revealed that dynamic assessment had significant effects on receptive skills. This study has implications for instructors, students, and material designers in light of the findings. Teachers are encouraged to use DA in their language instruction to help students improve their English language abilities.

The total research work is prepared to present the idea about the implementation of computer-based technology for learning the English language. English is a global language and is highly required to be learnt whether as a second language or first. Research has been performed about the same issue. The cynosure for the whole research will be to understand different methods to boost the English learning procedure. The significant viewpoints of different writers and researchers can be highlighted easily in this research. A mixed methodology is followed up in this research work so that a result related to the study can be drawn. The different approach is being determined through a mixed approach for research for understanding the study. Teachers’ and students’ perspectives on learning the English language is being understood through this study. Data collection and analysis are performed in this study and a proper discussion is formed on its basis. This data analysis is performed for a certain number of individuals related to education, mainly students so that a view of a certain section of people can be drawn. Data analysis plays a major role in finding the results. Finally, the study presents a brief conclusion that determines the whole research and outcomes for the betterment of learning the English language.

Religious beliefs are defined as thinking, feeling and behaving in accordance with the beliefs and teachings of a religious system. In other words, religious beliefs are indicative of the role of religion in the individual and social life of people, as well as adherence to values and beliefs in daily life, performing religious practices and rituals and participating in activities of religious organisations. Religious beliefs are a set of dos and don’ts, and values are considered one of the most important psychological supports that can provide meaning in all moments of life and save a person from meaninglessness by providing explanatory support in specific situations. In addition, work conscience is defined as a feeling of inner commitment to comply with agreed-upon requirements for work. In other words, work conscience means heartfelt satisfaction and practical commitment to the tasks that a person is supposed to perform properly, in a way that there will be no negligence in performing the duty even if no supervisor oversees the activity. Given the significant role of nurses in hospitals, especially during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, the religious beliefs of healthcare employees have become more important. Therefore, the present study aimed to evaluate the effect of religious beliefs on the work conscience of 1800 Muslim nurses in Iraq during the COVID-19 pandemic in 2021. Standard questionnaires were applied to assess the respondents’ religious beliefs and work conscience. In addition, data analyses (Cronbach’s alpha, Pearson’s correlation, etc.) were performed in Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS). According to the results, religious beliefs have a positive effect on nurses’ work conscience (p = 0.822).Contribution: The findings of this study showed that the employees of an organisation, especially nurses and healthcare staff, can rely on their religious beliefs and benefit from their advantages in order to strengthen their work conscience during a hard time such as the COVID-19 pandemic.