Este estudo tem como objetivo verificar através de um estudo de revisão integrativa, a importância do aleitamento materno para as crianças e apresentar os métodos de prevenção para as doenças crônicas não transmissíveis com foco na obesidade infantil. Na pesquisa foram inclusos artigos publicados nos últimos seis anos, entre o período de 2015 e 2021, no idioma português e inglês, compreendendo âmbitos de pesquisa de campo, e que contribuem com o tema sugerido. Foram encontrados 25 artigos na PubMed, 15 na SCIELO e 8 na LILACS, totalizando 48 estudos, desses artigos encontrados, apenas 06 artigos foram incluídos nesta pesquisa por relacionarem com a temática em questão. Conclui-se que o aleitamento materno pode ser um fator protetor na prevenção do sobrepeso e obesidade em crianças e adolescentes.

Children with ASD are more likely to have eating difficulties, such as refusing and choosing certain foods, oral motor dysfunction and various behavioral problems. In addition, they may have essential micronutrient deficiencies compared to other children in the same developmental range. To verify the eating habits of children with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD).  An integrative review was carried out based on the PICo strategy. The search for articles was carried out in the PubMed, Scielo, Lilacs databases, using the descriptors in Portuguese and English: “Food selectivity”, “Habits” and “Autistic spectrum disorder” joined with the Boolean operator “AND”. Access to the databases was carried out from February to April 2022. 185 articles were found and after applying the inclusion criteria, 12 articles remained. It was noticed that children with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) have a predisposition to food selectivity behaviors, which can indicate nutritional problems, a worrying factor, given that the childhood stage has a direct long-term influence. It is necessary that these children receive adequate intervention with regard to nutritional monitoring. The main eating habits in children with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) are behaviors of food selectivity, resistance to trying new foods, reading variation, behavioral problems at mealtimes, where such food preferences are attributed to the influence of other factors, such as sensory sensitivity and family diet.