Three polycyclic aromatic imidazole derivatives 2-phenyl-1-(4-(phenyldiazenyl)phenyl)-1H-phenanthro[9,10-d]imidazole (PRO), 2-(4-methoxyphenyl)-1-(4-(phenyldiazenyl)phenyl)-1Hphenanthro[9,10-d]imidazole (PRO1), 2-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-1-(4-(phenyldiazenyl)phenyl)-1H-phenanthro[9,10-d]imidazole (PRO2) are synthesized with one-pot four component fusion reaction using 1,4-dimethylpyperazinium dihydrosulfate ([Me 2 pi][HSO 4 ] 2 ) ionic liquid (IL) catalyst (3 mol%). Mechanistic studies are performed with DFT M06 L functional. The utilized IL catalyst holds two moles of HSO 4 À per one mole of 1,4-dimethylpyperazinium (cation part), which increases its catalytic performance in a trans form (Figure 1). The IL catalytic effects are determined and described in the optimized transition state structures (Figure 2). Important transition states for the rate-limiting step (~G � = 26.56 kcal/mol), the fivemembered imidazole ring formation (~G � = 6.9 kcal/mol), and the C(sp 3 )-H (~G � = 2.06 kcal/mol) activation are optimized. The PRO fluorescence properties are studied computationally (HOMO and LUMO energy gap = 2.41 eV) and experimentally.

Two new classes of gemini cationic surfactantshexanediyl-1,6-bis[(isopropylol) alkylammonium] dibromide {in the abbreviation form: C n C 6 C n [iPr-OH] and C n C 6 C n [iPr-OH] 2 ; alkyl: C n H 2n + 1 with n = 9, 10, 12 and 14}-have been synthesized by interaction of alkyl bromides with N,N 0 -di-(isopropylol)-1,6-diaminohexane and N,N,N 0 ,N 0 -tetra-(isopropylol)-1,6-diaminohexane. The surface tension, electrical conductivity, and dynamic light scattering (DLS) techniques were used to investigate the aggregation properties of the gemini cationic surfactants in aqueous solution. The formation of critical aggregates at two concentrations in an aqueous solution from obtained gemini cationic surfactants were determined via the tensiometric method. Thus, these gemini cationic surfactants start to form aggregates at concentrations well below their critical micelle concentrations (CMC). The surface properties and the binding degree (β) of the opposite ion were tested against the length of the surfactant hydrocarbon chain and the number of the isopropylol groups in the head group. By applying the DLS technique, it was explored that how the number of isopropylol groups in gemini cationic surfactants with C 12 H 25 chain affects the sizes of micelles at concentrations greater than CMC. It was discovered that the obtained gemini cationic surfactants have a biocidal character.

Experimentally conducted reactions between CO2 and various substrates (i.e., ethylenediamine (EDA), ethanolamine (ETA), ethylene glycol (EG), mercaptoethanol (ME), and ethylene dithiol (EDT)) are considered in a computational study. The reactions...