Trichoderma based BAU-biofungicide, chemical Carbendazim and a synthetic plant growth promoting (PGP) hormone have been used to study their effect on Cercospora leaf spot of Indian spinach. Number of leaf, number of infected leaf, disease incidence, disease severity, area under disease progress curve (AUDPC), plant height and plant weight were measured and significant variations was found against different treatment combinations. Among the treatment combinations, seed treating with Carbendazim followed by foliar spray with Carbendazim, seed coating with BAU bio-fungicide followed by foliar spray with Carbendazim, only foliar spray with Carbendazim and only spray of PGP hormone significantly reduced disease incidence and severity with increasing of plant height and weight. Interestingly, foliar application of PGP hormone reduces disease incidence and severity by 58.38% and 63.8% in both the variety of Indian spinach, respectively over control, whereas; in both the variety disease incidence and severity is reduced by seed treatment with Carbendazim followed by foliar spray with Carbendazim 69.72% & 77.63%; seed treatment with BAU bio-fungicide followed by foliar spray with Carbendazim 63.73% & 69.49%; foliar spray with Carbendazim 55.68% & 58.19%, respectively. Foliar application of PGP hormone along with the reducing of disease incidence and severity, also increases the leaf number by 68.62%, plant height by 54.64% and plant weight by 65.69% over control. AUDPC showed that, local variety of Indian spinach is more susceptible to Cercospora leaf spot than BARI spinach 1.
In Bangladesh, Fusarium proliferatum is a prevalent pathogen of maize plants that poses a significant threat to human health and livestock by producing carcinogenic fumonisin. However, the use of the Bacillus species, which can colonize the infected plant parts, has been practiced globally to mitigate fumonisin contamination in maize. In this study, B. subtilis MMM1, a native isolate from the maize rhizosphere, was found to be the most effective antagonist against F. proliferatum, which reduced their mycelial growth and total fumonisin accumulation by 85.31% and 85.12%, respectively, over control through a fivefold reduction in fungal population (1.1 × 104 CFU/g maize grain) in vitro. Furthermore, out of the five bacilli used in this study, B. subtilis MMM1 was able to increase the root and, shoot length, and the vigor index of maize seedlings, by colonizing the fresh roots at 82 × 106 CFU/g root tissue. This suggests that B. subtilis MMM1 might be put forth both as a biocontrol agent and a plant growth promoter in Bangladesh to combat F. proliferatum. Nevertheless, evaluation of its efficacy in reducing fumonisin contamination in maize should be investigated under field conditions.
Five treatments viz. BAU-Biofungicide (Trichoderma spp.) as side dressing and seed coating, nematicide (Carbofuran 10G) and allamanda leaf extract as side dressing along with a control were tested against root-knot of Indian spinach caused by Meloidogyne incognita. The findings of the study revealed that the number of galls and the number of egg masses in the roots were significantly reduced by the application of all the treatments over control. However, chemical carbofuran 10G gave superior result as it had increased shoot and root length, fresh weight of shoot and root as well as number of leaf per plant correspondingly with the lowest galling incidence and egg mass development in Indian Spinach. The interaction effects of the treatments and the varieties, the BARI Indian Spinach 1 as side dressing with carbofuran (V 1 T 3) gave the highest performances on the plant growth characters and reduction of galls and egg masses development by 95.65% and 96.33% over control as compared to the local variety (69.55% and 64.31%). Whereas, BAU-biofungicide (V 1 T 2) also showed considerable effect to increase the plant growth parameters in correspondence with the reducing of gall incidence and egg masses by 79.74% and 77.78% over control in BARI Indian Spinach 1 as compared to the local variety (67.83% and 49.95%).
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