The cultivated strawberry Fragaria × ananassa Duch. is the natural hybrid of F. chiloensis (L.) Mill. and F. virginiana Mill. The progenitor species have high genetic diversity compared with the cultivated genotypes; therefore, the use of wild relative in F. chiloensis breeding could provide a good for broadening the available genetic variations of cultivated species. In present study, 13 genotypes selected from strawberry super core collection were tested under Fe (-) and Fe (+) conditions for their response against Fe deficiency conditions in a growth medium (GM) (soil + sand + perlite), potentially able to simulate the actual GM in nature. SPAD-meter readings indicating chlorophyll levels of the leaf, shoot dry matter yield, Fe-efficiency rate, shoot total and active Fe concentrations were determined to evaluate the resistance levels of strawberry genotypes against Fe deficiency. Results of this study indicated that different response for strawberry subspecies and genotypes of the same subspecies grown in GM against Fe deficiency. Symptom for Fe deficiency of genotypes varied between 1-5, SPAD-meter readings 3, shoot dry matter yields and shoot Fe concentrations varied between 6.5-38, 1.02-6.06 g plant -1 and 41.8-233.1 mg kg -1 respectively. Iron-efficiencies of genotypes were found between 58-98%. Strawberry subspecies, F. virginiana spp. glauca, F. chiloensis ssp. chiloensis and F. chiloensis ssp. pacifica showed Fe-efficiency values of 93.8, 79.5 and 79.1% respectively. We concluded that shoot growth performance, Fe intake from GM, transfer of Fe from roots to shoots, shoot Fe-use efficiency, Fe deficiency symptom levels and SPAD-meter readings indicating chlorophyll levels were significant parameters to evaluate the resistance of strawberry genotypes against Fe deficiency. The most Fe-efficient genotypes belonging to F. virginiana spp. glauca could be used in breeding programs aiming at developing new strawberry genotypes suitable for growing under Fe deficient conditions.

No abstract

Deficiency of sulphur (S) is an important limiting factor of plant growth for sustainable agricultural production. The decline in sulphur dioxide emission, decrease in S-containing fertilizer consumption due to the high cost of S-fertilizers, breeding of new high yielding species are the well known causes of S-deficiency. A greenhouse experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of several doses of K2SO4-S, CaSO4-S and elemental-S applied on growth, shoot dry matter yield, S and N concentrations of wheat cultivar. The experiments were conducted in three soils differed from available S concentrations. Effects of different S-treatments (0, 25, 50 and 100 mg S kg-1) and S-forms had significant effects on shoot dry matter yields of plants. Sulphur from different S-sources did not increase shoot S-concentrations in Eskisehir and Konya soils, but increase was significant obtained in the Harran soil. Shoot S-concentration in Harran soil for zero K2SO4 treatment was 0.09%, the values were 0.22, 0.26 and 0.27% respectively for 25, 50 and 100 mg kg-1 treatments. The results indicated significant effects of S-treatments on plant growth and yield mostly based on soil properties, especially the available S-levels

Cultivated strawberry has been developed from hybridization between Fragaria chiloensis and F. virginiana. The progenitor species exhibit significant genetic diversity. Growth attributes of progenitor species and their responses to several stress factors have been studied. However, iron-deficiency tolerance (FeDT) of different species have merely been tested under hydroponic conditions. This study evaluated FeDT of 23 genotypes belonging to super-seed collection under hydroponic conditions. Two genotypes (one Fe-deficiency tolerant and one sensitive) were selected from screening experiment and their physiological and morphological mechanisms playing role in FeDT were determined. Plant parameters associated with FeDT, i.e., pH of the growth medium, root Fe reductase activity, total and active Fe concentration of shoot were recorded. The Fe-efficiency of strawberry subspecies varied between 51% and 98%. Fe efficiency values also varied among subspecies. AukeLake and RCP37 belonging to F. chiloensis were highly resistant and sensitive to Fe-deficiency, respectively based on Fe efficiency values. A highly significant relationship was observed between Fe concentration and FeDT of the genotypes. Acidification of nutrient solution and root Fe reductase activity were closely related to high shoot iron concentration. Our findings indicated existence of a close relationship between root uptake and root to shoot translocation of Fe, which ultimately contribute greatly to FeDT among tested strawberry genotypes.

ÖZET Dünyanın özellikle kurak ve yarı-kurak bölgelerinde tuzluluk ve yüksek bor içeriği tarımsal üretimi sınırlandıran önemli sorunlardır. Her iki sorunda arazi içerisinde önemli düzeyde yüksek değişkenliğe sahip olduğundan, toprakların üretimde kullanımları ve iyileştirilmelerinde bu değişkenliğin dikkate alınması zaman, iş gücü ve maliyet açısından zorunluluktur. Bu çalışma, tuzluluk ve alkalilik sorunlarının yanında şiddetli bor toksikliği bulunan iki ayrı pivot içerisindeki toprak özelliklerinin mesafeye bağlı değişkenliğinin modellenmesi, haritalanması ve tuz ve bor konsantrasyonuna etki eden değişkenlerin belirlenmesi amacı ile yapılmıştır. Orta Anadolu'da her biri 62 ha olan iki ayrı pivot 100 m * 100 m'lik kare gridlere ayrılmış ve her pivotta 60 adet ana örnekleme noktası oluşturulmuştur. Ana örnekleme noktaları arasındaki mesafeden daha kısa mesafelerdeki değişkenliklerin modellenebilmesi amacı ile beş adet ara transekt oluşturularak (toplam 150 örnek) 0-20 cm derinlikten toprak örnekleri alınmıştır. Toprak örneklerinin tekstür, pH, elektriksel iletkenlik (EC), organik madde, kireç içeriği ve bitkiye yarayışlı bor konsantrasyonu analiz edilmiştir. Mesafeye bağlı değişkenlikler için semivaryogram modellemesi yapılmış ve krigleme haritaları oluşturulmuştur. Pivot içerisinde 17.35 dS m -1 gibi yüksek değerlere ulaşan EC, pivotlarda ortalama 2.6 ve 3.52 dS m -1 olarak ölçülmüştür. Her iki pivotda da ortalama bor konsantrasyonları bitkiler için toksik sınır kabul edilen 5 mg kg -1 dan oldukça yüksektir. Bor ile pH ve kil arasında istatistiksel olarak önemli (P<0.01) düzeyde pozitif bir korelasyon bulunurken, silt ve organik madde ile negatif korelasyon görülmüştür. Korelasyonda elde edilen bu ilişki, aynı özelliklerin dağılım haritalarında da açık bir şekilde görülebilmektedir. Çalışma alanında, organik madde içeriği ile bor konsantrasyonu arasında görülen negatif korelasyon, yüksek bor konsantrasyonu ile mücadele ederken, toprağın organik madde içeriğinin arttırılmasının nedenli önemli olduğunu vurgulamaktadır.Importance of spatial variability in management of saline and boron toxic soils Anahtar Sözcükler: Bor toksikliği Hassas tarım Jeoistatistik Yere özgü amenajman Tuzluluk ABSTRACT Salinity and high boron concentration soils are important problems constrain the agricultural production in arid and semi-arid regions of the world. Considering the significant high spatial variation of salinity and boron concentration in the use of agricultural production and improvement of the problems is required in terms of time, labor and cost efficiency. This study was conducted to model and map the spatial variation of soil properties, and to identify the variables affecting the variation of salt and boron concentrations of soils located under two center pivots. Soils have salinity and alkalinity problems along with the boron toxicity. Each 62 ha pivot area in Central Anatolia has been divided into 100m x 100m square grids and 60 main sampling locations were created in each pivot area. Five transects in each pivot wer...