Hemophilia A, hemophilia B and vWD are the commonly encountered inherited bleeding disorders in our patients followed by other recessively transmitted disorders with a median age of 17 years and male to female ratio of 4: 1. Most of the patients utilized services available at Fatimid foundation with good clinical results. In Pakistan, non-governmental organizations (NGOs) are trying their best for providing optimal treatment to patients with inherited bleeding disorders. There is a need for government participation to improve the availability of current hemophilia care services.

There is increasing evidence of the clinical importance of microparticles (MPs) and their role in blood transfusion-related side effects and the transmission of pathogens. The study aims to examine the red blood cell-derived MPs in blood bags during storage under standardized blood bank conditions. The samples were tested at various times to demonstrate the presence of RBC-derived MPs by flow cytometry. The quantitative assay was carried out in stored erythrocyte concentrate on days 0, 25 and 35 and their number from day 0 to 25 and 35 and the number of day 25 to day 35 were compared. The MPs were counted after being concentrated in a supernatant (labeled with the respective antibodies CD47, CD235a and Annexin V) obtained by a specific centrifugation procedure. The analysis showed that the number of Annexin V positive MPs increased between day 0 and day 35 (~ 0.001) and CD47 expression on MPs at day 25 and day 35 decreased compared to day 0 (~ 0.001). In addition, CD235a expression had shown minimal insignificant changes with an upward trend (> 0.05) during the storage period. It is concluded that monitoring the release of MPs from RBC units during storage is a sensitive approach to identifying MPs for transfusion drugs and, more broadly, for cell-based therapies.

Introduction: Metabolic syndrome is constituted by hyperlipidemia with presentation of diverse lipid profile including hypertriglyceridemia, hypercholesterolemia and hereditary combined hyperlipidemia. Objectives: To find the synergistic effect Cinnamomum cassia and apple cider vinegar on combined administration in albino mice. Methodology: This was an experimental study and conducted at Department of Pharmacology, Al-Nafees Medical College and Hospital Islamabad in collaboration with Animal House of the National Institute of Health, Islamabad-Pakistan. A total of 50 adult albino mice were randomly divided into 5 groups. Hyperlipidemia was induced during the first two weeks of experimentation, and this was followed by treatment period of 6 weeks. Groups were categorized as A (Normal Control), B (Treated Control), C (Treatment Group I), D (Treatment Group II), and E (Treatment Group III). Diet pattern for these groups remained to be high cholesterol, Simvastatin 0.6 mg/Kg BW, ACV upto 15% of animal feed, Cinnamon powder 6mg/Kg BW and Cinnamon with high cholesterol diet respectively. Blood samples to estimate parameters of lipid profile were collected at 0,15th, 30th, 45th and 60th days. Results: A significant decrease (p<0.05) was observed in total cholesterol, triglyceride and low density lipoprotein at 45th and 60th days as compared to normal control group. Serum high density lipoprotein was low at 15th day among all groups because of induction of hypercholesterolemia, which was then noted to be reversed at 60th day. Highest surge was noted to be in group E and significant increase in all groups (p<0.05) was noted in all groups as compared to normal control. Conclusion: Apple Cider Vinegar keeps the anti-hyperlipidemia effect which was found to be significantly high (p<0.05) in combination with Cinnamomum cassia when consumed by male albino mice.

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