Objective: The investigation of the scale of environmental pollution is a major step towards preventing environmental pollution. Biomonitoring within an ecological programme involves the systematic use of living beings for obtaining quantitative information on changes in the environment, often due to anthropogenic activities. Material and methods: Trace metal levels in thirty-four different wild-growing edible mushroom species from Buyuk Menderes River Basin, West Anatolia, Turkey were determined by inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES; Perkin Elmer, Optima 7000 DV). Results: The contents of trace elements in the mushroom samples were found in the ranges, 53.96 -3308, 0.229 -46.93,0.005 -2.224 and 2.809 -4.711 mg/kg for aluminum, boron, cobalt and tin, respectively. Al content was the highest in Pleurotus ostreatus (3308 mg/kg), and the lowest in Laetiporus .sulphureus (53.96 mg/kg). B content was the highest in Coprinus micaceus (46.93 mg/ kg), the lowest in Oudemansiella radicata (0.229 mg/kg). It was determined that Co content was the highest in Clavidina cristata (2.224 mg/kg), whereas the lowest in Agaricus bitorquis (0.005 mg/kg). In terms of Sn content, Agaricus campes tris (4.711 mg/kg) was the highest, and Suillus beilinii (2.809 mg/kg) was the lowest. Conclusion: Results could be explained by the fact that there are no industrial activités that emit these metals.

Malva sylvestris is a widely consumed edible-medicinal plant with a natural distribution all around the world. The aim of this study is to determine the concentration levels of heavy metals, such as cadmium, chromium, copper, iron, manganese, nickel, lead, and zinc, in the M. sylvestris samples from different local markets in the province of Izmir, Turkey. The analyses of the heavy metals Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, Pb, and Zn was realized by inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy. At the end of the study, the mean concentrations determined for the unwashed plant samples were as follows: The contents of Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, Pb, and Zn (μgg -1 , dry weight) varied between 0.035 and 0.262, 0.247 and 1.133, 1.611 and 43.27, 7.425 and 568.6, 0.340 and 57.61, 0.090 and 2.563, 0.032 and 1.712, and 5.309 and 75.47, respectively. For the washed plant samples, however, the contents of Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, Pb, and Zn (μgg -1 , dry weight) varied between 0.026 and 0.172, 0.153 and 0.462, 0.247-68.34, 7.407 and 187.5, 0.340 and 49.99, 0.042 and 1.332, 0.005 and 0.502, and 5.314 and 60.37, respectively. The findings show that the heavy metal concentrations of all the heavy metals determined in the washed plant samples were lower. Keywords: Malva sylvestris, heavy metal, wild edible plant, ICP-OES, Izmir. İzmir Pazarlarında Satılan Malva sylvestris Örneklerinin Ağır Metal Birikim Değerleri Özet Malva sylvestris, dünyada yaygın bir şekilde tıbbi ve yemeklik olarak tüketilen bir bitkidir. Bu çalışmada İzmir'in çeşitli pazarlarında satılan M. sylvestris örneklerindeki kadmiyum, krom, bakır, demir, manganez, nikel, kurşun ve çinko birikim değerleri araştırılmıştır. Bitki örneklerindeki birikim değerlerinin tespiti ICP-OES ile gerçekleştirilmiştir. Çalışma sonunda yıkanmamış bitki örneklerindeki değerler Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, Pb ve Zn için sırasıyla 0.035 ve 0.262, 0.247 ve 1.133, 1.611 ve 43.27, 7.425 ve 568.6, 0.340 ve 57.61, 0.090 ve 2.563, 0.032 ve 1.712, 5.309 ve 75.47 (μgg -1 , kuru ağırlık) arasındadır. Yıkanmış bitki örnekleri için ise Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, Pb ve Zn içeriği sırasıyla 0.026 ve 0.172, 0.153 ve 0.462, 0.247 ve 68.34, 7.407 ve 187.5, 0.340 ve 49.99, 0.042 ve 1.332, 0.005 ve 0.502, 5.314 ve 60.37 (μgg -1 , kuru ağırlık) arasındadır. Bulgular yıkanmış bitki örneklerindeki birikim değerlerinin tüm ağır metaller için daha düşük olduğunu göstermiştir Anahtar Kelimeler: Malva sylvestris, ağır metal, yabani yenilebilir bitki, ICP-OES, İzmir. Unver MC, Ugulu I, Durkan N, Baslar S, Dogan Y (2015) Heavy Metal Contents of Malva sylvestris Sold as Edible Greens in the Local Markets of Izmir. Ekoloji 24(96): 13-25.

Trace el e ment pol lu tion biomonitoring us ing the bark of Pinus brutia Ab stract. Back ground: Pinus brutia Ten (Turk ish red pine) is a wide spread ev er green tree in the Med i ter ra nean and Aegean re gions of Tur key. Meth ods: The barks of red pine were tested as a pos si ble biomonitor of trace el e ment pol lu tion stud ied in the West ern Anato lian part of Tur key. Sam ples col lected from con trol, in dus try, road side, sub ur ban and ru ral ar eas from 30 lo ca tions in the study area were in ves ti gated. The con cen tra tion of cad mium, lead, chro mium, iron, nickel and cop per were de ter mined in the bark of the red pine by atomic ab sorp tion spec trom e try. Re sults: As re sults of this study, the fol low ing con cen trations were de ter mined: Cd: 0.60-0.71 µg g-1 ,

The aim of this study was to determine the level of heavy metals such as copper, iron, manganese, zinc, lead, nickel, cadmium and chromium concentrated in Juglans regia bark and leaf samples from different localities in Artvin, Turkey. Analysis of the heavy metals Cu, Fe, Mn, Zn, Pb, Ni, Cd and Cr in samples was carried out by inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy (ICP–OES; Perkin Elmer, Optima 8000 DV). Statistical significance was determined by analysis of variance (ANOVA). The comparisons were performed in order to determine whether there were any differences between J. regia bark and leaf samples in terms of average heavy metal accumulation levels. As a result of this study, the following mean concentrations were determined for J. regia bark samples: the contents of Cu, Fe, Mn, Zn, Pb, Ni, Cd and Cr (μg g−1, dry weight) ranged from 72.46 to 88.14, 14.40 to 628.0, 0.896 to 67.71, 7.000 to 28.52, 0.040 to 0.905, 1.031 to 2.744, 0.011 to 0.158 and 1.192 to 3.134, respectively. On the other hand, for J. regia leaf samples, the contents of Cu, Fe, Mn, Zn, Pb, Ni, Cd and Cr (μg g−1, dry weight) ranged from 0.339 to 13.80, 12.72 to 698.2, 1.001 to 204.6, 7.362 to 56.03, 0.158 to 0.665, 0.130 to 2.744, 0.041 to 0.114 and 0.508 to 2.767, respectively. In the statistical analysis, heavy metal accumulation values of J. regia bark and leaf samples for Cu, Ni and Cr were significantly different (P < 0.05).

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