Introduction: Numerous studies reported that healthcare providers are not as effective in rendering high-quality CPR over time, despite receiving basic life support (BLS) or advanced cardiac life support (ACLS) training. Thus, to overcome the issue and develop a more feasible implementation of CPR training model, this study aims to identify the effectiveness of a modified conventional training (MT-CPR) method. Method: This was an experimental study conducted to 72 healthcare providers in a teaching hospital in north Borneo. Subjects underwent MT-CPR and data were collected using a validated questionnaire and skills assessment checklist adopted from AHA (2020). Data then was analysed using Friedman, Wilcoxon and McNemar test aided with IBM’s Statistical Package for the Social Science (SPSS) statistic software. Result: This study reported that MT-CPR significantly improved the knowledge and skills on CPR (p-value: <0.001). However, the training module significantly incapable to retain the knowledge and skills as early as 3 months post initial MT-CPR (p-value: <0.001). There was a statistically significant difference between the MCQ test scores (pre-course, post-course, and post 3 months-course) with ꭓ2 (2) = 36.2 (2), p-value = <0.001. There is an association between post-course overall results and post 3 month overall results using McNemar test (p-value < 0.002). Conclusion: Overall, this study indicated that modified CPR training (MT-CPR) were able to develop and improve the CPR knowledge and skill. The adaptation of conventional CPR training method seen effective as it has the capability for better engagement between trainer and participants.

Biofuel production by utilizing yeast during fermentation process is one of the main concern to maximize the ethanol productivity. In this study, a total of 20 soil examples were collected from 4 sampling site around Kota Kinabalu. They were selected due to their potential habitat of yeast S. cerevisiae. The purpose of this study was to isolate and characterize S. cerevisiae from soil for bioethanol production. A total of 6 strains of yeast were isolated with the use of yeast-extract peptone agar medium. The isolated strains were identified by morphological, physiological and molecular characterization, resulting in discovery of the S. cerevisiae from the samples. In physiological characterization by fermentation of six different carbohydrates showed that the yeast isolates P2A have potential to ferment maltose, glucose and galactose. The strain P2A was evaluated further for their ethanol tolerance capacity. The strain can tolerate up to 12.5% concentration of ethanol. Pure strain of P2A was inoculated in anaerobic conditions with 200 rpm for 48 h at 30°C to be used for ethanol. The concentration of glucose after 72 h of fermentation for P2A was found to be 0.982 mg/mL.