To develop new potential antimalarial drugs of 2-phenyl-1,10-phenanthroline 5 derivatives from 8-aminoquinoline as starting material were synthesized in good yields. The synthesis of 2-phenyl-1,10-phenanthroline 5 derivatives compounds with 8-aminoquinoline 4 as starting material through three steps has been carried out. The first step of reactions is aldol condensation of benzaldehyde 1 with acetaldehyde 2. The result of reactions is cinnamaldehyde 3 (92.14%) in the form of yellow solid. The second step of reactions was synthesized of 2-phenyl-1,10-phenanthroline 5 (brown solid, 54.63%) through cyclization of 8-aminoquinoline 4 with cinnamaldehyde 3 compound. The third step of reactions is methylation and ethylation of 2-phenyl-1,10-phenanthroline using dimethyl sulphate (DMS) and diethyl sulphate (DES) reagents that it was refluxed for 17 and 19 h, respectively. The results of reactions are (1)-N-methyl-9-phenyl-1,10-phenanthrolinium sulphate 6 and (1)-N-ethyl-9-phenyl-1,10-phenanthrolinium sulphate 7 in yield from 90.62% and 89.70%, respectively. The results of testing in vitro antiplasmodial activity at chloroquine-resistant Plasmodium falciparum FCR3 strain to 2-phenyl-1,10phenanthroline 5 derivatives obtained that (1)-N-ethyl-9-phenyl-1,10-phenanthrolinium sulphate 7 compound has higher antimalarial activity (IC 50 :0.13 ± 0.02 µM) than antimalarial activity of (1)-N-methyl-9-phenyl-1,10-phenanthrolinium sulphate 6 compound (IC 50 :0.25 ± 0.01 µM) and 2-phenyl-1,10-phenanthroline 5 compound (IC 50 :2.45 ± 0.09 µM). While, the results of testing in vitro antiplasmodial activity at chloroquine-resistant Plasmodium falciparum D10 strain to 2-phenyl-1,10phenanthroline 5 derivatives obtained that (1)-N-methyl-9-phenyl-1,10-phenanthrolinium sulphate 6 compound has higher antimalarial activity (IC 50 :0.10± 0.04 µM) than antimalarial activity of (1)-N-ethyl-9-phenyl-1,10-phenanthrolinium sulphate 7 (IC 50 :0.18 ± 0.01 µM) and 2-phenyl-1,10-phenanthroline 5 compound (IC 50 :0.55 ± 0.07 µM).

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Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui Peningkatan Hasil Belajar peserta didik pada Konsep Ikatan Kimia melalui Model Pembelajaran Kooperatif Tipe Number Head Together (NHT) pada peserta didik Kelas X MIA SMA N.3 Leihitu. Tipe penelitian yang digunakan adalah penelitian deskriptif. Sampel yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah peserta didik kelas X MIA yang berjumlah 25 orang dengan teknik sampling jenuh. Teknik Pengumpulan data dalam penelitian ini dalah tes awal (pre-test) dan tes akhir (post-test). Dari hasil analisa data diperoleh menunjukan hasil belajar peserta didik kelas X MIA telah mencapai kriteria ketuntasan minimal (KKM) yaitu pada aspek kognif, afektif, psikomotor dengan nilai akhir yang diperoleh adalah kualifikasi sangat baik 8 peserta didik (32%), kualifikasi baik 13 peserta didik  (52%), dan kualifikasi cukup 4 peserta didik (16%). Data pencapaian N-gain yang diperoleh yaitu 21 peserta didik (84%) mencapai kategori N-gain tinggi dan 4 Peserta didik (16%) mencapai kategori N-gain sedang, dengan kriteria pencapaian N-gain yang diperoleh adalah 0,74. Oleh karena itu, dapat disimpulkan bahwa dengan penerapan model pembelajaran kooperatif tipe NHT terbukti mampu meningkatkan hasil belajar peserta didik pada konsep ikatan kimia kelas X MIA SMA Negeri 3 Leihitu.