In recent years there has been an increase in the contaminations of heavy metals on the environment. Government and private organization have shown their interest in the effect of dietary exposure to several heavy metals. These heavy metals have been implicated in the etiology of many diseases with high risk to humans. Canned tomatoes paste is one of the important health deterioting factors to human health in Ubani-Umuahia, Nigeria. In this study atomic absorption spectrophotometer was used to screen for nine heavy metals concentration in ten different brands of canned tomatoes paste sold at Ubani-Umuahia market in Nigeria. Human risk assessment was calculated using the collated data to evaluate the predictive risk of human health after the consumption of canned tomatoes paste. Results shows that lead and nickel were not detected in all the canned tomatoes. In comparison low concentrations of copper, iron, and manganese were notated but high concentrations of chromium and cadmium were detected in all the tested tomatoes pastes. Cobalt and zinc concentration was notated lower than permissible limit. The daily intake of copper, cobalt, manganese, chromium, cadmium, nickel, iron, zinc and lead were below their tolerable values in canned tomatoes. The predicted lifetime for carcinogens to occur was less than one (<1). Copper, cobalt, iron, and zinc were below the acceptable value for non-cancer risk with HQ <1.The risk of incurring cancer by ingesting canned tomatoes was within the lifetime predicted a range of (1.0E-6 to 1.0E-4). Finds suggest that prolong and persistent consumption of these heavy metals may cause toxicity and consequential heath challenges. J. bio-sci. 28: 1-11, 2020

The populace are concern about how their environment is impacted by spend or used engine oil. The spills from spend engine oil posed serious problems to the land and aquatic habitats. Efficient methods but low-cost technique for remediating spends engine oil contaminated soil and restorations of soil fertility are being explored. In response to used engine oil pollution to the soil, the present investigation examined the comparative biodegradation level of spend engine oil contaminated soil using fermented chicken droppings. The soil sample was collected from the uncontaminated site 10 cm below ground level. The sandy/loam soil was sieved with 2.5 mm mesh. A 4 kg of the soil was weighed into each bucket and contaminated with spend engine oil, the soil was contaminated with 150 ml of the spend engine oil at a ratio of 1:27. A 27 kg of chicken droppings was mixed with 27 liters of water in a ratio of 1 kg: 1L. The mixture was left for 7days to ferment and increase the microbial load. The contaminated soil was irrigated using an experimental design that included uncontaminated soil that was irrigated using normal water (positive control), contaminated soil that was irrigated using normal water (negative control) and contaminated soil irrigated using fermented chicken droppings (test). Five hundred mL of the chicken droppings mixture was used to irrigate the soil for 21 days at an interval of 3 days per irrigation. Thereafter, the irrigated soil was screened with gas chromatography linked with mass spectroscopy. There was an observed change in contaminant concentration without fermented chicken droppings. The percentage of differences in the concentrations was recorded in × 10–5% with the presence of Naphthalene and Acenaphthylene with the percent difference of 2.0 × 10–5% and 5.0 × 10– 5%. Result revealed an appreciable decrease in PAHs level compared to the positive and negative control. The findings suggest the positive effect and rapid uptake of the contaminant in the application of fermented chicken droppings. J. Bio-Sci. 29(1): 01-09, 2021 (June)